高考英语定语从句易犯错误

发布 2021-02-22 02:36:28 阅读 6480

定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂,在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种:

一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。如:

1.误:some of the boys i invited them didn’t come.

正:some of the boys i invited didn’t come.

译:我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。

析:应删去them,因为从句的宾语是省略了的whom,who或that。

2.误:the book that you need it is in the library.

正:the book that you need is in the library.

译:你需要的书在图书馆里。

析:应删去it,因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。

二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。如:

1.误:anyone who break the law will be punished.

正:anyone who breaks the law will be punished.

译:任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。

析:应改break为breaks,因为who指anyone,是单数。

2.误:those who has finished may go home.

正:those who h**e finished may go home.

译:做完了的人现在可以回家。

析:应改has为h**e,因为who指those,是复数。

3.误:he is the only one of the teachers who know french in our school.

正:he is the only one of the teachers who knows french in our school.

译:他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。

析:应改know为knows,因为one前有the only之类限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one,是单数,而不是复数名词the teachers。

4.误:this is one of the rooms that is free now.

正:this is one of the rooms that are free now.

译:这是目前空着的房间之一。

析:应改is为are,因为one前没有the only之类的限定词,定语从句在意义上修饰的是名词复数the rooms,而不是单数one。

三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。如:

1.误:children eat a lot of sugar often h**e bad teeth.

正:children who that eat a lot of sugar often h**e bad teeth.

译:吃糖多的孩子往往牙齿不好。

析:应加上关系代词who或that,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略。

2.误:the key opens the bike is missing.

正:the key that/which opens the bike is missing.

译:开这辆自行车的钥匙不见了。

析:应加上关系代词that或which,因为从句少主语,且主语不能省略。

四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。如:

1.误:the house where he lives in needs repairing.

正:the house where he lives needs repairing. 或:the house he lives in needs repairing.

译:他住的房子需要修理。

析:应保留where,删去从句中的in,因为关系副词where在从句中作地点状语,in属多余。或删去关系副词where,因为where在这里的意思是in which,否则介词in就重复了。

2.误:i still remember the day on when i first came to beijing.

正:i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.

或:i still remember the day on which i first came to beijing.

译:我仍记得我第一次来到北京那天的情景。

析:应删去on,因为when在这里的意思是on which,否则介词on就重复了,或把when改为which。

五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。

1.误:i still remember the day when we spent together.

正:i still remember the day that/which we spent together.

译:我仍记得我们在一起度过的日子。

析:应改when为that或which,因为从句中谓语动词spent是及物动词,其后应跟宾语而不是时间状语。

2.误:this is the house where we lived in last year.

正:this is the house which/that we lived in last year.

译:这是我们去年住过的那个房子。

析:应改where为which或that,因为从句谓语动词lived后有介词in,其后少介词宾语,而不是地点状语。

六、在先行词reason后错用关系副词why。如:

1.误:h**e you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?

正:h**e you asked her for the reason that/which may explain her absence?

译:你是否向他问过可以解释他缺席的原因?

析:应改why为that或which,因为定语从句缺少主语,而不是少原因状语。

2.误:i don’t believe the reason why he has given for his being late.

正:i don’t believe the reason that/which he has given for his being late.

译:我不相信他所提供的他迟到的原因。

析:应改why为that或which,因为从句谓语动词has given后缺少宾语,而不是缺少原因状语。

七、误将强调句型当定语从句。如:

1.误:it was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.

正:it was in the kitchen that the fire broke out.

译:大火发生在厨房。

析:应将where改that,因为原句还原为the fire broke out in the kitchen后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型,而非定语从句。

2.误:was it because it snowed last night when you didn’t come?

正:was it because it snowed last night that you didn’t come?

译:你是否因昨晚下雪而没有来?

析:应将when改为that,因为,原句还原为because it snowed last night,you didn"t come后,在语法和句意上均成立,故此题是强调句型而非定语从句。

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