写出含有定语从句的复合句。
知识学习】一、概述。
1. 词或短语用作定语。
定语用来修饰名词或代词。可用作定语的词有形容词、副词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词等。
the little boy needs a blue pen. (little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.（in the classroom 修饰名词boy；of yours修饰名词pen）教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
the boy to write this letter needs a pen.（to write this letter 修饰名词boy）写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
the smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.（smiling 修饰名词boy；bought by his mother修饰名词pen）那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
2. 句子用作定语，如：
the boy needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 该句中的“which you bought yesterday”修饰名词pen，作pen的定语。意思为：
那个男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
“the boy needs the pen which you bought yesterday.”称为复合句，其中主句为the boy needs the pen. 从句为：
which you bought yesterday，充当主句中pen的定语，我们称之为定语从句。
3. 定语从句的基本特征。
定语从句是指在复合句中用作定语的从句。定语从句通常修饰名词或代词，对它进行限制、描绘和说明。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
连接主句和定语从句的连接词叫做关系词，关系词按其在定语从句中的功能又分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词在定语从句中充当成分，且有其意义。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
关系副词有：when，where，why。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
我们还以上面的这个复合句为例：the boy needs the pen which you bought yesterday. 该句中的pen叫做先行词，被定语从句which you bought yesterday修饰；连接主句和从句的which称为关系词（关系代词），which在定语从句which you bought yesterday中充当bought的宾语，意指the pen。
再如：i still remember the day when i first met him.我仍然还记得我第一次遇见他的那一天。
“i still remember the day“是主句，“when i first met him”是从句，修饰主句中的名词day，是定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词day叫做先行词。连接主句和从句的when称为关系词（关系副词），when在定语从句when i first met him中作状语，意指“on the day”。
注意：关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句，定语从句位于被修饰的先行词后面。
二、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句。
1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
the boys who are playing football are from class one.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
yesterday i helped an old man who had lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
that is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。
li ming is just the boy (whom) i want to see.李明正是我想要见的男孩。
the professor (whom) you are waiting for has come.你正在等的教授已经来了。
the girl (whom) the teacher often praises is our monitor.老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。
3. which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
football is a game which is liked by most boys.足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。
he likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.他喜欢外国作家写的书。
this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.这是他昨天买的钢笔。
the film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all.他们昨晚看的电影一点意思也没有。
4. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
he is the man that/who lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个人。
where is the man (that/whom) i saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？
the person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind.你介绍给我的那个人很友好。
the season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。
i don’t like stories that/which h**e unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。
the dress (that/which) ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 安买的衣服不太合身。
5. whose既可以用来指人，也可以用来指物，与后面的名词是所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。i visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.
我拜访了一个全国知名的科学家。
he has a friend whose father is a doctor.他有一个爸爸当医生的朋友。
i once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.我曾经住在那幢屋顶已倒了的房子里。
指物时，whose常可用以下结构来代替：
the house whose windows are broken is empty. (whose+名词)
the house the windows of which are broken is empty. (the +名词+of which)
the house of which the windows are broken is empty. (of which +the +名词)
do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (whose+名词)
do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? (the +名词+of which)
do you like the book of which the cover is yellow? (of which +the +名词)
注意：只能用that引导定语从句的情况。
1. 当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定代词时。
everything that he said was true.他所说的一切都是真的。
对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。
is there anything that i can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？
that’s all that i know. 我知道的就这么多。
2. 当先行词被the very (恰恰，正好), the only，any，few，little，no，all等修饰时。
this is the very grammar book (that) i want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。
the only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。
there was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。
3. 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
this is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。
this is the most interesting film that i've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
the first place that they visited in london was the big ben.在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
what is the first american film that you h**e seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么。
5. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的事情？
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