高考英语讲义。
一、 定语从句的定义：
用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子，被修饰的名词叫先行词，引导句子的词叫关系词。
定语从句的三要素：关系词，先行词，至少两个谓语。
关系词分两种。
关系代词：代人 who(在从句中合作主语或宾语），whom（在从句中做宾语，或在介词之后），that（在从句中做主语或宾语当关系代词在句中做宾语时可省略关系代词)
as (as 引导定语从句时位置灵活，可前可中可后）
代物 which
that， 可引导先行词为事、物的定语从句，在句中可做主语或宾语。
as表定语 whose=of which
关系副词：where（先行词为地点名词house、desk、beijing等）
when（先行词为时间名词day、time、3:00、hour、year等）
why （先行词为the reason）
二、定语从句的做题原则。
定语从句遵循还原性：将关系词还原到从句中的相应位置，在句子中做成分。
定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词：
找出定语从句部分（有引导词引导的句子或从第二个谓语动词出现处划分句子）
找从句中的谓语部分，谓语前是否有主语，缺主语用关系代词。
看从句中的谓语动词为及物动词还是不及物动词（及物动词看是否有宾语，缺宾语用关系代词；不及物动词用关系副词）
句子缺状语（时间、地点、原因），选关系副词。
i want that book which contains many pictures in it.
she like singing the song which we listened to for many years.
we won’t forget the days which we spent in the seaside.
this is the mountain village where i stayed last year.
is this the library that we h**e been for three times?
is this library the one we h**e been for three times?
we all know the time when we should go to school tomorrow.
he is the man who i saw yesterday.
this is the book that my father bought me yesterday.
the time when he arrives is unknown.
i want to know the reason why you come back home so late.
i got to school at six, which is the time we are h**ing supper.
i got to school at six, when we are h**ing supper.
3、定语从句的分类。
、关系代词引导的定语从句。
关系代词在从句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语等名词性的成分。
一）关系代词which, that, who, whom, as, whose的用法。
比较：在一般疑问句中，需要先将一般疑问句还原为陈述句，确定先行词。
he is the man (who / that ) i saw yesterday.（关系代词做宾语）
the man whom you spoke to just now is our english teacher. （关系代词做宾语）
is this the man who / that wants to see you? （关系代词做主语）
is this factory the one that you talked about last year? （关系代词做宾语）
is this book the one you give me?(当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，可省略)
is this the book that you borrowed in the library?（关系代词在从句中作宾语，可省略）
当关系代词在从句中做宾语时，可省略关系代词。
只用who不用whom的情况：在从句中做主语。
只用whom不用who的情况：介词之后。
she was the girl to whom you spoke in the speech.
she was the girl who / whom you spoke to in the speech.
whose 只可以用来做定语(关系代词后有名词，和先行词构成所属关系)
the man lived in the house whose window was brown.
the roof of which the house lies in the river is broken.
he lives in a room whose window faces south.
先行词为the way时，关系代词的选择。
thatin which i know the way in which we solve the problem.
the way /
of doing could you tell me the way of opening the box?
to do she showed me the way to go to the cinema.
二）关系代词as的用法：
关系代词as的用法。
1、关系代词as引导的定语从句位置灵活，可放主句之前，或主句之后。
as we all know，she is a good teacher.
taiwan, as we all know, belongs to china.
taiwan, belongs to china, as we all know.
2、固定搭配：such / the same / as / so + 名词 + as从句。
3、当as在从句中做主语时，后面常跟实意动词的被动语态。
as is known to all，horses are useful animals.
4、"as"引导非限制性定语从句常用句式：
as is said above 综上所述。
as is known to all 众所周知。
as is often the case 通常如此。
as is reported in the news***** 如报纸所报道的。
as we all know 正如我们所知。
关系副词where，when，why引导的定语从句。
注：不能看见时间做先行词就选关系副词when，看见地点就用where，需要看时间，地点在从句中做什么成分，做状语时才用关系副词，否则用关系代词）
why=for which引导的定语从句，先行词主要为the reason，在从句中做原因状语。
we don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up.
对比i will consider the reason why you were late.
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