高考英语总复习之名词性从句

发布 2021-02-22 02:37:28 阅读 3613

高考英语复习---名词性从句用法及真题解析。

名词性从句是高考英语中非常重要的部分,它能使得英语的句子长度加长,内容丰富且句型多样。高中阶段的英语学习基本涉及了所有的名词性从句常用句法,因此高考也在各种题型中考查同学们对此项语法的掌握。同学们除了应具有基本的语法知识,如能分析句中的主、谓、宾等基本成份,更重要的应该培养一定的逻辑分析能力,能够正确判断出句与句之间的主、次关系及语意关联;能够分析得出主、从句(可以根据连接词的位置),通过对题意的正确理解判断使用何种连接词。

同时注意句中的语序,时态及主谓一致问题。

考点1 主语从句。

引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether;

连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等;

连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether引导。

that the college will take in more new students this year is true.

今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.

他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

注】 (1)if不能引导主语从句。

2)形式主语it替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:

a.it+系动词+形容词+that从句。如:

it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

b.it+系动词+名词+that从句。如:

it is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.

我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。

c.it+be+v.ed形式+that从句。如:

it is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.

据宣布计划已经顺利实施。

2.连接代词引导。

what we can’t get seems better than what we already h**e.

我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。

who the letter was from is still unknown.

这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.

你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。

3.连接副词引导。

how acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear.

针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.

恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。

考点2 宾语从句。

引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类:

连接词that,whether,if等,连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等,连接副词when,where,why,how等。

1.连接词that,whether,if引导。

i think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help.

我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

i don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.

我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

注】whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,但以下情况中,只能用whether。

1)与or not紧接连用时。如:

let me know whether or not you can come.

请让我知道你是否能来。

2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:

we are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.

我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。

2.连接代词what,who,whose,whatever,whichever,whoever等如:

she asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.

她问我班上谁的书法最好。

i’ll just say whatever comes into my mind.

我想到什么就说什么。

3.连接副词引导when,where,why,how等。

do you know when the ancient olympic games began?

你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?

i’ve been thinking about how we can make the news***** more interesting.

我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

4.宾语从句的语序。

在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如:

he asked me when we could set out the next day.

他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

did you find out where she lost her car?

你查出她在**丢的车了吗?

5.宾语从句的时态。

1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。①she says(that)she works from monday to friday.

她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

she says(that)she will le**e a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

she says(that)she has never been to mount emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)

2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如:

he said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

he said that he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

he said that they were h**ing a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如:

the teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

he said that light tr**els much faster than sound.

他说光比声音传播得快。

注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点:

1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。如:

i think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

i h**e made it a rule that i keep diaries.

我每天写日记成了惯例。

2)hate,like,take,owe,h**e,take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如:

i hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.

我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。

when you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral.

启动发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。

3)介词后的宾语从句。如:

she is always thinking of how she can do more for others.

她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。

we are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:

i don’t think i know you.我想我并不认识你。

i don’t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。

考点3、表语从句。

常由连接词that,whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;连接副词when,where,how,why引导。

1.连接词引导。

the reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.

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