高考英语名词性从句讲解

发布 2021-02-21 20:11:28 阅读 4067

【考情分析】

名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点也是热点。名词性从句相当于名词,可用作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此,名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

今后对名词性从句的考查仍将集中在关联词的选用上,特别是对what引导的名词性从句的考查。名词性从句与其他从句的混合考查将在今后高考中占据一席之地。

知识点归纳】

名词性从句的用法。

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(noun clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一、引导名词性从句的连接词。

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:

连词:that(无任何词意);whether, if(均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性);as if ,as though(均表示“好像”,“似乎”)。以上在从句中均不充当任何成分。

连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. whichever, whomever

连接副词:when, where, how, why

二、具体分类。

1.主语从句。

作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。

例如:what he wants to tell us is not clear.他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。

who will win the match is still unknown.谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

it is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

where the english evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在**举行,还没有宣布。

典例1】(2009·上海卷)it is immediately clear __the financial crisis will soon be over.

a. sinceb. whatc. whend. whether

典例2】(2008·山东卷)__was most important to her, she told me, was her family.

a. itb. thisc. whatd. as

典例3】(2009·天津卷)it is obvious to the students __they should get well prepared for their future.

a. asb. whichc. whetherd. that

有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下:

从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末。

用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:

a. it + be +形容词+ that-从句。

it is necessary that… 有必要……

it is important that… 重要的是……

it is obvious that… 很明显……

b. it + be + ed分词+ that-从句。

it is believed that… 人们相信……

it is known to all that… 从所周知……

it has been decided that… 已决定……

c. it + be +名词+ that-从句。

it is common knowledge that… …是常识。

it is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……

it is a fact that… 事实是……

d. it +不及物动词+ that-分句。

it appears that… 似乎……

it happens that… 碰巧……

it occurred to me that… 我突然想起……

it is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

it’s a pity that you should h**e to le**e. 你非走不可真是件憾事。

另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有:

it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

it is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

2.宾语从句。

在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与主语从句的关联词大致一样。

1) 由连接词that引导的宾语从句。

由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。例如:

he has told me that he will go to shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。

we must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。

注意:在demand,order,suggest,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+动词原形”。例如:

i insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。

the commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。

2)用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如:

i want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告诉了你什么。

she always thinks of how she can work well.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

she will give whoever needs help a warm support.凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。

典例1】 (2008·北京卷)the companies are working together to create __they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

a. whichb. thatc. whatd. who

典例2】(2009·全国卷ⅰ) could i speak tois in charge of international sales please?

a. whob. whatc. whoeverd. whatever

3)用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if:

a.引导主语从句并在句首时;b.引导表语从句时;c .引导从句作介词宾语时;d.从句后有“or not”时;e.后接动词不定式时。例如:

whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

the question is whether she should h**e a low opinion of the test.

everything depends on whether we h**e enough money.一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

i wonder whether he will come or not.我想知道他来还是不来。

can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留?

4)注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,a.当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。例如:

i know (that) he studies english every day.(从句用一般现在时)

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