名词性从句。
1. 种类。
2.宾语从句的时态。
3. that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。
4. whether 和if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。
5. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。
1.__the baby could speak made his parents very happy.
2. i wonder __you will go shopping or stay at home.
3. this is __he was often late for school.
4. we all know the truth __the earth __around the sun.
一．名词性从句的概念： 一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。
二．名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组， 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。
his job is important. (主语)
what he does is important. (主语。
this is his job. (表语)
this is what he does every day. (表语)
i don’t like his job. (宾语。
i don’t like what he does every day. (宾语)
i don’t know about the fact that he is a teacher. (同位语)
i don’t know about the man, mr. white. (同位语)
得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
三．引导名词性从句的连接词：
1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
i don’t believehe has achieved so far.
breaks the law should be punished.
2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
we will hand in the project will be discussed later.
parents are thought to understandimportant education is to their children’s future.
the reasonhe was absent was that he was ill.
3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
i don’t care aboutyou h**e money or not.
the problem istom is able to arrive on time.
the meeting will be held here is not decided yet.
it looksit is going to rain.
the truth ishe didn’t come for the concert.
the earth is round is true.
四．名词性从句的类型：
1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如：
he is a famous singer is known to us.
he will go to america is not yet fixed.
she’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
broke the glass yesterday is not clear.
注意：1. 为避免主语冗长，句子头重脚轻， 经常用it作形式主语， 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。
记住以下it作形式主语的句型：
e.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常见句型有：
is + 名词+ 从句。
it's a pity/shame that很可惜/很遗憾……
it's no surprise/wonder that毫不奇怪/很正常……
is + 形容词+ 从句。
it's certain/uncertain/obvious that肯定…/不确定/显然……
it's likely/possible/probable that… 有可能……
is + 过去分词+ 从句。
it's said/reported/thought/believe that… 据说/据报道/大家认为/人们相信……
+不及物动词+ that 不及物动词有seem/happen/appear/occur/doesn’t matter/ makes no difference
happens that碰巧……
it worried her a bit __her hair was turning grey.
it remains a question __we can get so much money in such a short time.
it is known to us __where there is pollution, there is harm.
2. 单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作。
主语，谓语动词用复数。
when and where he was born hasn’t been found.
when he was born and where he was born h**en’t been found.
exercises:
makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
__i can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.
it’s not clear __was responsible for the accident.
__in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail
account.
a. what is required b. what requires c. it is required d. it requires
2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。
引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose;when, where, how, why, because 等。如：
the problem iswe didn’t get in touch with him.
this ishenry solved the problem.
his suggestion iswe (should) finish the work at once.
it lookedit was going to rain.
the reasonwe didn't trust him ishe has often lied．
注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order, demand, proposal等名词时，后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形，should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作。 his suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.
2. the reason is that … 的理由是，… 的原因是…
the reasonhe was late again washe was caught in the traffic jam.
3. it is because … 这是因为…
exercises:
this is __she was born.
the question is __we can’t go there today.
my advice is that he __go) to school by bike.
__she couldn’t understand was __fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
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