2008高考英语总复习之语法篇名词性从句。
考点透视】近年来在英语高考中，名词性从句可称为复合句中构成和分类最为复杂的部分，而且，纵观近几年高考题及命题趋向，名词性从句一直是高考的热点考查对象。其主要考点分布在：名词性从句的语序、名词性从句的连接词的辨析、有关名词性从句的常见句型等。
名词性从句在句中的作用相当于名词，共有四种：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连词有：
连接代词：who，whose，whom，what，which。
连接副词：when，where，why，how。
其他连接词：that，whether，if，as if。
注意：①连接代词和连接副词在句中不是疑问词，因此从句中不用疑问式(即不要倒装)。
②连接代词和连接副词在句中充当句子成分。
连接词that，whether，if，as if在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分。
一）主语从句。
主语从句在句中作主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但是当主语从句太长时，同是把它放在句子后部，前面用it作形式主语，如：
it doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 你来还是不来，关系不大。
whether you will come or not是主语从句，it在句中作形式主语)
二）表语从句。
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句系动词之后。如：
that’s why he was late.
注意：表语从句还可用as if引导。如：
she looked as if she was going to cry.
三）宾语从句。
宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词宾语，在使用宾语从句时有以下几点需要注意：
1．时态呼应：当主句谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句要使用过去时态的某种形式。
2．介词之后的宾语从句，一般不用if或which连接，要用what或whether。
3．whether和if都可以引导动词之后的宾语从句，二者常可互换，但是在正式文体中．或从句中有or not时，只用whether，不用if。
4．注意否定前移：当主句是i / we think (或suppose，expect，believe，imagine，guess) 时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定的，常常把否定词not从从句移到主句。比较：
i think you are not right.
i don’t think you are right.
i believe they won’t win the game.
i don’t believe they will win the game.
四）同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea，news，fact，promise，answer，belief，condition．doubt，fear，hope，problem，proof，question，reply，report，suggestion，thought，truth等。
同位语从句可由that，whether，when，how等连词引导。
题例精析】例1】 your ability has never been in doubt — the question is __you are prepared to work hard2007启东中学3月卷）
a. thatb. whether
c. ifd. how
易错点悟】解答该题的关键是要注意连接词if 和whether引导名词性从句的用法区别。
要点精析】根据题干意义“……问题是你是否准备努力学习”，因此选项a、d不符合句子意思；if在名词性从句中仅可以连接宾语从句，不可引导其它名词性从句，故应排除。
答案】b例2】the recent information has been put forward___more high school graduates will be admitted into universities.
a. asb. which
c. whiled. that
易错点悟】解答该题的关键是分析句子意思，推断从句类型。
要点精析】该题是主语从句，分析从句意义可知，选项b、c、d连接主语从句时，意义不成立，故应选连接词that，that在此无意义，仅起连接作用。
答案】a专项检测】
1. after ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from __she used to be.
a. thatb. whom
c. whatd. who
2. who do you think the doctor will h**e __first, john or kate?
a. examineb. to examine
c. examiningd. examined
3. ―what re you anxious about?
a. whether we can succeedb. if we succeed
c. do we succeedd. that we can succeed
4. everything depends onthey will support you about it.
a. ifb. which
c. whetherd. that
5. lily has some idea __she’s going to be when she grows up.
a. whatb. that
c. asd. which
6. _happens to call while i am out of the office, please h**e him le**e the message for me.
a. whob. anyone
c. someoned. whoever
7. ―would you like to h**e a swim with us in the sea?
―i will ask my palms
a. whether they will agree to do b. if they let me go
c. if they will let me god. whether they allow me to
8. the reason why i plan to go is __if i don’t.
a. because she will be disappointed
b. that she will be disappointed
c. because she will h**e a disappointment
d. for she will be disappointed
9. ―i rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.
― oh, that was probably __i was seeing a doeth.
a. whenb. why
c. whatd. that
10. that is __i was born and grew up.
a. thereb. in which
c. whered. the place
11. please tell me __you would like to h**e your coffee ―black or white?
a. whatb. where
c. whend. how
12. i don’t think __jenny can come home this weekend.
a. ifb. why
c. thatd. when
13. _get such a book?
a. where do you think can ib. do you think where can i
c. do you think when i cand. where do you think i can
14. ―my foot hurts terribly, doctor.
―well, i wonder __it has been like this.
a. since whenb. since then
c. howd. when
15. ―do you know __mr. black’s address is?
―he may live at no. 18 or 19 bridge street. i’m not sure of
a. what; whichb. where; which
c. where; whatd. what; where
16. those children me wild. i feel sorry for __has to be their babysitter.
a. whoeverb. who
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