名词性从句。
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。
一、引导名词性从句的关联词。
a．that
连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。
i hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。
that light tr**els in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。
it so happens that i know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。
is it certain that they will win ？他们一定会赢吗。
b．whether和if
连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。
1．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句及主语从句（在主语从句中不能用在句首）。
i didn't know whether he would attend the concert.（宾语从句，可用if代替whether）
the question is whether it is worth trying.（表语从句，不可用if代替whether）
whether she comes or not makes no difference.（主语从句，不可用if代替whether）
he must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether）
2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。
it all depends on whether they will support us. (不用if)
ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings.
后可以接不定式，if 则不能。
he didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.
直接可与or not 或or no 连用，if 则不能。
i wonder whether or not he knew the manager.
5．if既可引导状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。
please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否）
please let me know if you want to join us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果）
please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否）
c．who, whom, whose, what, which
连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
no one knows whom he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。
we are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。
tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。
let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。
d．where, when, how, why
连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。
i don't know where we are going to h**e the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。
she always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。
what i am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。
比较：when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。
please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。）
please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时。）
e．whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever
连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人， 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是。无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个， 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。
whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。
whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡是值得做的就值得做好。
they ate whatever they could find on the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。
you may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
i'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。
比较：连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。
you may offer he book to whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语）
you may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）
二、宾语从句。
在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
a. 作动词宾语。
he told us（that）he felt ill.
do you know whose dictionary it is ?
he has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan.
give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。
注意：doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if/whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。i doubt whether if he will succeed.
我怀疑他是否会成功。
i do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。
do you doubt that he will win 你不相信会获胜吗。
b．作介词的宾语。
he was deeply displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。
i am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。
your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.
they were praised or criticizd according to how they had done their work.
he goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
注意：that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，that不能省略。
i know little about him except that he lives downstais. 我对他知之甚少，只知道他住在楼下。
he differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在阅读上。
c. 作形容词的宾语。
i am not sure what i ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。
i'm afraid (that) you don't understand what i said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。
i'm suprised (that) i didn't see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没见过那一切。
d. 用it作形式宾语的情况。
1．和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。(think ,consider make, find )
we thought it strange that xiao wang did not come yesterday. he has made it clear that he will not give n.。
we consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.
we found it stange that he has not come yet.
2．由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。
you may depend on it that i shall always support you. 你可以放心我会永远支持你的。
i'll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。
3．在take, hide, see to, insit on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱憎的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, don't mind, resent appreciate等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。
i take it that he's not interested in the book. 我猜想他对这本书不感兴趣。
she hid it that she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实。
i don't like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢那样看我。
4. it不能作由连接代词 whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。
you may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。
i'll take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。
we are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. 我们乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。
高考英语复习专题
一 考点聚焦。1.可数名词单 复数变化形式。1 规则变化。单数名词词尾直接加 s。如 boy boys,pen pens。以s x ch sh结尾的单词一般加 es。如 glass glasses,box boxes,watch watches,brush brushes。特例 stomach st...
高考英语专题复习 代词
高中英语人称代词和物主代词 代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律 一 邻近和靠近原则。由either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also 连接先行词的时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应的一致的人称代词 如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词一般与邻近...
高考英语《完形填空专题复习》专题复习
一。方法步骤 跳读 抓住首尾句，忽略20个空，快速跳读，而后判断文体，从而 主题。通读 寻找信息，掌握大意，边读边填，了解全文。细读 前后照应，排除干扰，填出难度较大的词。复读 反复推敲，调整答案。二。解题技巧 1.宏观掌控 通读全文，抓住中心，把握基调。通过通读全文，确立文章基调，文章的体裁，作者...