倒装句。
一、概述。英语句子基本语序是“主语 + 谓语 +其他 …”这是自然语序。如：
is my book2. i like english.
但有时出于语法、修辞的需要，而将谓语全部或部分放在主语的前面，而形成倒装。
1. out went the children. (状语+ v. +主语）
2. only this afternoon did i finish the novel. (状语+ v. +主语）
3. may you succeed. (情态动词 +主语 + v. ）
4. present at the meeting were professor smith and many other guests. (表语 + v. +主语 ）
二、倒装的分类。
1. here comes the bus.
2. not until the teacher came did he finish his homework.
三、分类详解。
一）完全倒装
1、用在there be结构中。
there are many students in the classroom.
2、以副词“here 、there、 now、 then等”开头的句子中，或以out、 in 、up、 down、 away 等副词开头的句子，且句子的主语是名词时。
there goes the bellhere comes the bus.
in came the headteacher, with a book in his hand.
注意：代词作主语时，主谓序不变。如：
here he comes. here you are.
3、当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时，也常用全部倒装句强调地点。
in the distance lies a car. 远处有一辆轿车。
in the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.
4、such作表语，置于句首，意为“……就是如此”，且句子的主语是名词时。
such were his words.= such was what he said. 他就是这样说的。
注意：在完全倒装句式中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
in front of the house stand two tall tree.
二）部分倒装。
1、在疑问句中。 do you speak english?
2、在“never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, at no time (决不), nowhere, by no means, in no way, at no time ”等含有否定意义的副词或连词在句首的句子中。
by no means will his parents approve of his decision to go abroad.
无论如何他父母也不会同意他出国的决定。
hardly could she believe her own eyes.她几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。
seldom do i go to bed before 10 o’clock. 我很少在10点以前睡觉。
3、not only…but also…; neither…nor…; 连接并列的句子且位于句首时，not
only, neither, 和nor后的句子要部分倒装，但but also后面的句子不倒装。
not only do i know her, but i am also her friend(前倒后不倒)
neither h**e i seen him recently, and nor h**e i heard from him(前后都倒）
4、含有“no sooner ··than···hardly ··when ··scarcely…when…的主从复合句中，no sooner, hardly, scarcely位于句首时，所在的主句倒装，than, when后的从句不倒装；含有so…that…; such…that…等结构的句子中，so…\such…位于句首时所在的句子部分倒装；含有 not until ”的句子中，not until置于句首时主句倒装从句不倒装，以上三种都属于“主倒从不倒”。
no sooner had she gone out than the telephone rang.
so fast did he walk that i couldn’t catch up with him.
not until she saw the present did she feel happy.
注意：在no sooner ··than···hardly ··when ··scarcely…when…,三个结构中，通常no sooner，hardly，scarcely所在的句子用过去完成时，而than和when后的从句要用一般过去时。
5、在以“only 开头”的句型中(only 放在句首修饰副词、介词短语等作状语或状语从句）。句子要用部分倒装。 only+状语从句位于句首时，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装。
only when he told me did i realize what trouble he was in.
only in this way can we defeat the enemy.
only lately h**e i seen the professor on campus.
注意：在 only 用来强调主语时，则不用倒装语序。
only you and i know it.
6、as引导的让步状语从句时，通常把从句中的表语、状语，甚至谓语动词的一部分置于句首。
young as he is, he knows much.
注意：若从句的表语是可数名词单数时，其名词前不加任何冠词。
child as she is, she knows a lot.
7、省略if的虚拟条件状语从句中，将were, had或should移至主语之前。
had you reviewed your lessons, you might h**e passed the exam.
were i in his position, i wouldn’t do it that way.
should it snow tomorrow, what should we do?
8、如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，且主语是名词时，用倒装语序。否则用自然语序。
let’s go.” said the man.
9、用于某些表示祝愿的句子中。如：
long live the chinese communist party.
may you succeed. 祝你成功。
may you h**e a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
10、用于“no matter how/however + adj./adv.+主语+ 谓语，+ 主句”结构中。如：
however/no matter how late it is, she often waits for him.
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