倒装句定义:英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。若谓语动词的部分或全部位于主语之前,就构成了倒装结构。
1) 完全倒装(full inversion):就是把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前。常用于下列情况:
1 用于there be 举句型,其中be 有时可以用lie, live, stand, come等词语代替。
there is a big tree in front of the classroom.
there lies a beautiful small town at the foot of the hill.
2 表示方位或方式的副词或介词短语,如 here, there, up, down, in, out, away, off, in the classroom, on the wall, south of the city 等置于句首,且主语是名词时。
here comes the bus.
out went the children.
south of the city lies a big steel factory.
注意>上述情况中,若主语为代词,不倒装。
here you are.
in she comes.
3 such 置于句首时:
such are the facts; no one can deny them.
4 直接引语的部分或全部用于句首时,引述动词和其主语习惯上常常倒装。
now watch carefully”, said the teacher.
注意>当引述动词的主语为代词时,一般不倒装。
i don’t agree with you”,she said.
部分倒装(partial inversion):只把谓语动词的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语前的句子。
1) only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放于句首时。
only in this way, can we learn english well.
only when he told me did i realize what trouble she was in.
注意】only 修饰状语从句时,从句不倒装,主句倒装。
only when he returned did we found out the truth.
2) 含有否定意义的词,如 hardly, scarcely, rarely, never, little, seldom, not, nor 及表否定意义的介词词语at no time, under/in in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition 等位于句首时。
not a single mistake did he make.
on no condition should you forget you are a chinese.
注意】in no time = very quickly= soon (立刻),位于句首时,句子不倒装。
in no time we saw smoke coming out of the house.
3) ①so + be/助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语 “…也是”
they watch tv every day, so do i.
② neither/nor + be/助动词/ 情态动词+ 主语“…也不是”
lily can’t ride a bike, neither/nor can lucy.
so + adj/adv…that… “如此…以至于…”
so carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
在这个句型中,so 后的句子要倒装,而that 引导的句子不倒装)
4) neither…nor… “既不…,也不…”
neither do i know it, nor do i care about it.
注意】由于neither和nor 都是否定词,所以他们后面的分句均需倒装。
5) not only…but also… “不仅…而且…”
not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medicine treatment will be provided for people who need it.
注意】此句型也可写成 not only …but… 或not only…but…as well的形式。但but (also)引导的句子必须用正常语序。
6) not until… “直到…才…”
not until four o’clock in the morning did he fall asleep.
not until he returned did we h**e supper.
7) 表频率的副词often 位于句首表强调时,句子可部分倒装。
often h**e i told them not to go swimming in that lake.
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