主语和谓语是句子的核心，它们之间有两种语序：一是主语在谓语之前称为自然语（natural order）；二是主语在谓语之后则称为倒装语序（inverted order）。而倒装语序中又有全部倒（full inversion）和部分倒装（partial inversion）两种情况。
1. 倒装句之全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then,等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
there goes the bell.
then老师来了。
now现在轮到你了。
2)地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。
他来了她们走出去了。
2. 倒装句之部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
neversuch a performance. 我从未见过如此好的表演。nowherethe answer to this question.
你在**都找不到这个问题的答案。
not until t直到孩子睡着妈妈才离开房间。
1) why can't i smoke here?
at no time___in the meeting-room
a. is smoking permitted b. smoking is permitted c.
smoking is it permitted d. does smoking permit
2） not until the early years of the 19th century __what heat is.
a. man did know b. man know c. didn't man know d. did man know
以否定词开头作部分倒装
如 not only…but also, hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner… than
not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.
hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.
no sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.
典型例题 no sooner___than it began to rain he**ily.
a. the game began b. has the game begun c. did the game begin d. had the game begun
2). so, neither, nor作部分倒装表示"也"、"也不" 的句子要部分倒装。
tom can speak frenchjack.
if you won't goi.
---do you know jim quarrelled with his brother?
---i don't know, _
a. nor don't i care b. nor do i care c. i don't care neither d. i don't care also
3). only+状语在句首要倒装的情况
only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。
4） so/ such … that 句型中的so/such 位于句首时，需倒装。
so frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
finally got the job i dreamed about. never in my life __so happy.（nmet2000）
a. did i feel b. i felt c. i had felt d. had i felt
2. not a single song __at yesterday’s party.（2024年上海）
a. she sang b. sand she c. did she sing d. she did sing
3. _can you expect to get a pay rise.（2024年北京春季）
a. with hard work b. although work hard c. only with hard work d. now that he works hard
4. only when the war was over __to his hometown.（2001上海春季）
a. did the young soldier return b. the young soldier returned
c. returned the young soldier d. the young soldier did return
5. –you forgot your purse when you went out.
good he**ens! _2002上海）
a. so did i b. so i did c. i did so d. i so did
6. not only __interested in football but __beginning to show an interest in it.
2002上海春季）
a. the teacher himself is; all his students are b. the teacher himself is; are all his students
c. is the teacher himself; are all his students d. is the teacher himself; all his students are
7. the old couple h**e been married for 40 years and never once __with each other.
a. they had quarreled b. they h**e quarreled c.
h**e they quarreled d. had they quarreled
8. _snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.（2004上海）
a. not only they brought b. not only did they bring c.
not only brought they d. not only they did bring
9. i failed in the last examination last term and only then __the importance of studies.（2004重庆）
a. i realized b. i had realized c. had i realized d. did i realize
10. of the ****** of good books there is no end; neither __any end to their influence on man’s lives.（2004广东）
a. there is b. there are c. is there d. are there
11. maybe you h**e been to many countries, but nowhere else __such a beautiful palace.
a. can you find b. you could find c. you can find d. could you find
12. –i would never come to this restaurant again. the food is terrible.
___2004广西） a. nor am i b. neither would i c. same with me d. so do i
13. mary never does any reading in the evening, _nmet2005）
a. so does john b. john does too c. john doesn’t too d. nor does john
14. never before __in greater need of modern public transport than it is today. （2005上海）
a. has this city been b. this city has been c. was this city d. this city has
15. they h**e a good knowledge of english but little __they know about german.（2005天津）
a. h**e b. did c. had d. do
16. –well, i do think the rabbit is a beautiful, gentle animal which can run very fast.
___2005辽宁） a. so it is b. so is it c. so does it d. so it does
17. in the dark forest __some large enough to hold several english towns.
a. stand many lakes b. lie many lakes c. many lakes lie d. many lakes stand
18. only after my friend came __2005福建）
a. did the computer repair b. he repaired the computer
c. was the computer repaired d. the computer was repaired
19. –father, you promised!
well, _but it was you who didn’t keep your word first.（2005湖北）
a. so was i b. so did i c. so i was d. so i did
21. –maggie had a wonderful time at the party.
___and so did i.（2005安徽）
a. so she had b. so had she c. so she did d. so did she
22. _about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to madagascar for further research.（2005江苏）
a. so curious the couple was b. so curious were the couple
c. how curious the couple were d. the couple was such curious
24. only in this way __to make improvement in the operating system.
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