倒装句型。
英语的倒装有两大类型：
一、 全部倒装：指谓语全部置于主语之前的倒装，有下列几种情况：
1． here, there, away, in, out, down, up, off, back, now, then等在句首时引起全部倒装。
here is a letter for youthere goes the last train.
the door opened, and in came mr smith.
down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.
out rushed the boy with an apple in his hand.
then came a noise like thunder. now comes the bus.
2． 介词短语或方位名词词组作地点状语位于句首，引起全部倒装。
in the corner of the room stands a writing－table.
south of the city lies a big factory. under the bed lies a cat.
in these oceans live huge numbers of a small fish 5cm long.
注：以上两种完全倒装主语必须是名词，谓语常是表示方位或转移的不及物动词，如lie, live, sit, stand, be, come, go, rise, walk, run等，主语若是人称代词或谓语不属上述动词之列，则不用完全倒装。
here it rains a lot every month of the year.
here we areoff you go!
then she went to the shop.
3． 主语太长，表语倒装，而且采用完全倒装。
present at the meeting were some young people calling themselves pioneers of modern art.
在there be 结构中，采用全部倒装语序。
there is a book in the bag.
表系主语。4．代词such作表语，意“这样的人//物”，应置于句首，其后全部倒装。
such were the facts./such would be our home in the future.
二、部分倒装：指部分谓语（如助动词、情态动词）位于主语之前的倒装。有下列一些情况：
1．一般疑问句，选择疑问句，反意问句要求部分倒装。
has he finished his work?
it’s a lovely day, isn’t it?
2．特殊疑问词不作主语或不作主语的定语的特殊疑问句要求部分倒装。
when did you go there?
3．only修饰副词、介词短语、状语从句，并置于句首时，主句中要部分倒装。
only when the rain stopped did the match start again.
注：“only＋名词/代词”置于句首不要倒装。
only he can do it.(正) only can he do it. (误)
4. 含有否定意义的副词：
1) not, never, neither, nor, seldom, hardly, little等置于句首时，要求部分倒装。
hardly can i believe that.
seldom does she write to me.
2)not only…but(also)…连接两个分句，not only置于句首，它所引导的这部分要部分倒装，但but(also)部分不要倒装。
not only should we study science, but also we should pay attention to politics.
注：若not only…but(also)…连接两个主语，句子不要倒装。
3) not until引起一个短语或引导一个从句置于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。
not until he was ten did he go to school.
not until yesterday did i realize what trouble he was in.
4) hardly…when…;no sooner…than…(一、、、就)句型中，若hardly, no sooner位于句首时，主句中要求部分倒装。
hardly had i entered the room when the phone rang. /no sooner had he finished his talk than he was surrounded(包围)by the workers.
5．as表示“虽然”的意思，引导的让步状语从句时，必须倒装；though（虽然）引导的让步状语从句，可以倒装，也可以不倒装。
形容词、副词、实义动词和名词（不带冠词）+ as +主语+谓语。
young as he is, he knows a lot of things.
fast as you run, you can’t catch up with him.
try as she does, (although she tries) she will never find it.
king as he is(=though he is a king), he is unhappy.
6. so…that (如此…以致) 常用句型：so +adj./adv. +助动词等+主语+其他谓语+that
so young is he that he can’t go to school.
so loudly did he speak that everybody could hear him clearly.
7. so表“也”、“同样”意，neither/ nor表“也不”、“同样不”意，位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。
you can swim, so can i. /if you go, so will i.
my sister doesn’t like football, neither/ nor do i.
8．在虚拟条件状语从句中，当助动词为were, had, should等时， 连词if可省略， 但were, had和should需要倒装到主语的前面。
were i you, i would do more exercise. (if i were you)
had i had time, i would h**e gone shopping with you.(=if i had had time)
9. often, many a time 等表示频度的状语位于句首时，其后要部分倒装。
often did they think of going there, but they never had a chance.
exercise for inversion
when you h**e obtained sufficient data __come to a sound conclusion.
a. can you b. you canc. would you d. you would
2.__that this region was so rich in natural resources.
a. little he knewb. little did he know
c. little he did knowd. little he had known
again __political office after his 1928 defeat for the presidency.
a. alfred seriously sought b. seriously alfred sought
c. when did alfred seriously seek d. did alfred seriously seek
in recent years __begun to realize that wild dogs, kept within bounds, often do more good than harm.
a. people h**e b. since people h**e c. h**e people d. people who h**e
until i shouted at the top of my voice __his head.
a. that he turned b. did he turnc. he didn’t turn d. he had turned
6.__received law degrees as today.
a. never so women h**eb. the women aren’t ever
c. women who h**e neverd. never h**e so many women
7. not only __about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
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