1、语法概念：在英语中，按 “主语+谓语”这种顺序排列的句子是陈述语序，如果排列顺序变为”谓语(或谓语的一部分)+主语” 则就是倒装句。例如：
1) there comes the bus. 公共汽车来啦！
2）never before h**e i met him. 以前我从未见过他。
3）so busy is he that he had no time to spare. 他很忙，抽不出时间。
4) in came the teacher and the lesson began. 老师进来了，课开始了。
5) only in this way can we learn maths well. 只有用这种方法我们才能学好数学。
2、倒装类型：
1) 部分倒装。根据语法的需要，只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前称作部分倒装。部分倒装常用于下列几种情况中：
(1) only所修饰的副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时（但only修饰主语位于句首时不倒装）。例如：
only after liberation can we live a happy life. 只有解放后，我们才能够过上幸福生活。
(2) never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, little, not…until, at no time, not once, not, no, in no time等否定意义的词位于句首时。例如：
at no time will i be late for class from now on , mr wang.
王老师，从此以后，我上课决不迟到了。
(3) so…that中的so或such…that中的such位于句首时。例如：
so honest is the newcomer that we all like him very much.
新来的同学很诚实，以至于我们都很喜欢他。
(4) 形容词/名词/动名词+as/though的让步状语从句中（although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装，though也可以不倒装）。例如：
child as he is, he knows a great deal. 尽管他是个孩子，但他知道的东西却不少。
5) not only…but also连接并列分句时（连接主语时不倒装。例如：
not only does he like english but also french. 它不但喜欢英语，而且还喜欢法语。
6) so位于句首表示前句的内容也同样适用于后一个人或物时（只能是肯定句，且前后两句主语不同）；neither/nor用于句首，表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人/物时（只能用于否定句，且前后两句主语不同）。例如：
① he passed the chemistry test. so did i.
他通过了这次化学测试，我也通过了这次化学测试。
she is not from beijing. neither/ nor am i.
她不是北京人，我也不是北京人。
7) 在虚拟语气中，如果if条件从句有系动词were或助动词should/had，可以把其置于句首，同时省去if。例如：
were i you, i would try it again.
= if i were you, i would try it again.
如果我是你的话， 我会再试一下。
had i seen the scientist, i would h**e told him about it.
=if i had seen the scientist, i would h**e told him about it.
要是我见到了那位科学家，我就会把那件事情告诉他。
8)not until…在句首时。例如：
not until china was liberated, did he find his own son.
直到中国解放他才找到自己的儿子。
2) 全部倒装：根据语法的需要，将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首， 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
① there goes the bell. 铃响了。
②then comes the class teacher. 班主任老师来了。
(2) out, in, on, up, down, away，off, ahead等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首。例如：
① ahead sat an old woman.前面坐着一位老太婆。
② out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下的导弹飞快地打出去了。
(3) 表示地点的介词短语作状语且位于句首时。例如：
① at the end of the sports ground stood some farmers.
运动场的尽头站着一些农民。
② on the floor lay a five-year-old boy.地板上躺着一位10岁的男孩。
(4) 用于there be ( stand, sit, lie, exist, come, live etc.) 句型中。例如：
① there stands a newly-built primary school near the university.
大学的附近，有一座新建的小学。
② long, long ago, there lived an emperor, who liked new clothes very much.
很久以前，有一位皇帝非常喜欢新衣服。
二、巩固提高
i. complete the second sentences, using inversion.
1. i will tell you the truth only when he comes here.
only when he comes hereyou the truth.
2. i h**e never seen such a strange animal before.
neverseen such a strange animal before.
3. he ran so fast that i cound not catch up with him.
so fastthat i cound not catch up with him.
4. two foreigners from france stood in the centre of the park.
in the center of the park
5. i did not le**e the dining-room until he came.
not until he camethe dining-room.
ii. complete the fllowing sentences, using inversion.
1出来了一位中年妇女)in the room.
2石头上坐着两个男孩) from pudong, shanghai then.
3要是他是你的话）, he would not say it to me.
4. my elder brother hasn’t been to macao我也没去澳门).
5他不但吃了面包), but also noodles this morning.
iii. choose the best answer.
( )1. not until i began to work __how much time i had wasted.
a. didn't i realize b. did i realize c. i didn't realize d. i realized
( )2. only by practising a few hours every day __be able to master the language.
a. you can b. can you c. you will d. will you
( )3. if you don't go， neither __
a. shall ib. do ic. i dod. i shall
( )4. no sooner __to the station __the train left.
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