unit 11 sad movies make me cry.
语言目标： ▲谈论事物对你的影响 ▲句子的种类。
一、重点语法：句子的种类 kinds of sentences
按句子的使用目的或者说话的语气来分，英语的句子可分为下列四种：
陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1.陈述句the declarative sentence （包括肯定的陈述和否定的陈述）
肯定句：it is monday today.
否定句： 1）完全否定： a. be/助/情 + not
i am not good at english.
i will not/won’t go to the park tomorrow.
i h**e not washed my clothes yet.
i can’t speak english well.
b. don’t/doesn’t/didn’t + v
i don’t like meat at all.
he doesn’t usually go to school by bike.
we didn’t watch tv last night.
c. 否定词：little, few, neither, none, hardly, seldom, nobody,nothing, nowhere…
there is little tea in the cup.
i can hardly see the blackboard.
he is a man of few words.
（2）部分否定：
句子中含有always, both, all, every等词，用于否定句，只表部分否定，译为“并。
非…”both answers are not right两个答案并非都对。
cf, neither answer is right两个答案都不对。
not everyone in the usa is rich. 在美国并非人人富有。
cf, nobody is in the classroom. 教室里没有一个人。
he is not always late他并非总是迟到。
cf, he is never late他从不迟到。
3）否定转移：（在表示相信、臆测）的句子中，常否定主句。
i don’t think/believe/imagine/suppose/expect that you can help me.
2．疑问句 the interrogative sentence
一般疑问句：
a.将be/助/情移到句首（说话时用升调，回答时用yes或 no）
are you interested in english ? yes, i am./no, i’m not.
will you go to the park with me tomorrow ? yes, i will./no, i won’t.
h**e you finished your homework yet ? yes, i h**e,/no, i h**en’t.
were you reading english this time yesterday ? yes, i was,/no, i wasn’t.
can you swim ? yes, i can./no, i can’t.
b.在句首加do/does/did + s + v ？
do you agree with me ? yes, i do./no, i don’t.
does he come from america ? yes, he does./no, he doesn’t.
did you watch tv last night ? yes, i did. /no, i didn’t.
特殊疑问句：
常见的疑问词：who, whom, whose, what, which, how, when, where, why,how many, how much, how far, how long, how often, how old, what color…
a.疑问词（主语/主语的定语）+ 其它 ？
who is in the room ? 主语)
what’s wrong with you ? 主语)
which pen is better, the black one or the blue one ? 主语的定语)
whose bag is on the desk ? 主语的定语)
b.疑问词 + 一般疑问句？
whom are you waiting for ?
what is he doing now ?
选择疑问句：
一般疑问句or一般疑问句？
-is this a pen or a pencil ?
-it’s a pen./it’s a pencil.
-would you like some tea or coffee ?
-tea./coffee./both./ neither. i like juice. /either.
反意疑问句：（对应原则）
a. 陈述句（肯）+ 一般疑问句（否）？
he can swim, can’t he ? yes, he can./no, he can’t.
是的，他能。/不是的，他不能。
b. 陈述句（否）+ 一般疑问句（肯）？
he can’t swim, can he ? yes, he can./no, he can’t.
不是的，他能。/是的，他不能。
注意： 陈述部分是 i am…时：i am right, aren’t i ?
在i think/believe/expect/suppose that…的句子中，疑问部分根据从句变：
i think you are right, aren’t you ? i don’t think you are right, are you ?
陈述部分的主语为this, that, these, those时，疑问部分的主语用it或they：
this/that is a pen, isn’t it ? these/those are pens, aren’t they ?
陈述部分为there be结构时， 疑问部分仍用there be结构：
there is a box on the desk, isn’t there ?
陈述部分的主语为something, anything, nothing, everything时，疑问部分。
的主语用it： everything is ready, isn’t it ?
陈述部分的主语为somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody时，疑问部分主语。
多用they： everybody is here, aren’t they ?
3. 感叹句 the exclamatory sentence
概念：感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子。
针对名词感叹：“多么”
a. what + 形容词 + 不可数名词…！
it is bad weather. →what bad weather it is! 多么糟糕的天气啊！
b. what a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数…!
it is a nice pen. →what a nice pen it is!
c. what + 形容词 + 可数名词复数…！
they are interesting books. →what interesting books they are!
针对形容词和副词感叹：“多么”
a. how + 形容词/副词…！
the boy is clever. →
how clever the boy is ! 这个男孩多么聪明啊！
he studies hard. →how hard he studies ! 他学习多么努力啊！
b. how + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数…!
it is a hot day. →
how hot a day it is ! what a hot day it is !多么热的一天啊！
she is a lovely girl. →
how lovely a girl she is ! what a lovely girl she is !
针对动词感叹：（wish, hope, want, love, like, hate（恨）,miss, dislike…）
how + 陈述句！
i love/miss/hate/like you ! how i love/miss/hate/like you !
注意：在感叹句中，不再用程度副词：very, quite, rather, too, so, very much
i like it very much. →how i like it ! 方法：“一断二辨”
4. 祈使句 the imperative sentence
概念： 祈使句是用来表示请求、命令或劝告的句子。它的主语是you，通常不说出来。有时为了强调说话的对象，或大人命令小孩，布置任务，也可以不省略主语you.
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