八年级（上） unit 6 how long h**e you been collecting shells?
一．复习目标。
1，掌握本单元重点词汇和句型。
2. 熟练运用现在完成进行时谈论进期一直在做的事。
二、目标句型：1. how long h**e you been doing…?
2. i’ve been doing…since…3. how long did sb. do…? 4. he / she did sth. for…
5. what do you collect?6. when did you start?
7. how many do you h**e? 8. what do you like to collect in the future?
9. what is the most common/unusual/interesting hobby?
三．语法现在完成进行时。【重难点分析】
现在完成进行时构成：
肯定句：主语 + h**e / has been + doing否定句：主语+h**e/has+not+been+doing
一般疑问句：h**e/has+主语+been+doing?
现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。
(1) i h**e been learning english for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。
(2) she has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。
(3) i h**e been collecting stamps since i was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。
（表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。
如i h**e read a book about birds. （已经读完）i h**e been reading a book about birds. （一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）
2) 两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果， 无感**彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感**彩。如：she has been singing all the day.
她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。
1) 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：
he has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。
2) 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：
we h**e been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。
3) 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work等)，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如：
i h**e lived here for many years.=i h**e been living here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。
四、复习过程1重点单词。
1. 溜冰鞋2. 溜冰者3. 几个的，数个的。
4. 怪物5. 任何人6. 储存。
7. 特别，尤其8. 收藏家9. 额外的。
10. 话题，主题11. 省会，首都12. 外国人。
13. 确实的，无疑的14. 思念，想念。
2重点短语。
1. 滑冰马拉松2. 为慈善机构筹钱。
3.三年半。
4. 集邮5. 雪花玻璃球。
6. 用光7. 在我七岁生日时。
8. 才艺表演9. 中国历史。
10. 具有…….风格11.受到…..的欢迎。
12 多余，超过13. 共同的爱好。
3、翻译句子
1 你已经滑冰多长时间了？我已经滑了五小时了。
2. 这是你第一次参加滑冰马拉松比赛吗？
1. 学生们正滑冰为慈善机构筹钱。
2. alison 是第一个开始滑的并已经滑了整整五个小时了。
3. 妈妈说我必须停止，因为我们已经用光了空间来储存他们。
4. 如果你知道其她任何收集他们的人，请告诉我。
5. 我对作家的职业感兴趣。
6. 我对中国历史了解的越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
中考链接。单选。
1 — i’m sure andrew will win the first prize in the final.
i think so. hefor it for months.
a. is preparing b. was preparing c. had been preparing d. has been preparing
2. by the time he realizes heinto a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. a.
walks b. walked c. has walked d.
had walked
3. so far this year we __a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.
a. saw b. see c. had seen d. h**e seen
4. cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at sunshine school, where she __english for a year. a.
studies b. studied c. is studying d.
has been studying
5. dannyhard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
a. works b. is working c. has worked d. had worked
6. —i h**e got a headache.
no wonder. youin front of that computer too long.
a. work b. are working c. h**e been working d. worked
7. now that she is out of job, lucy __going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.
a. had considered b. has been considering c. considered d. is going to consider
8.. hi, tracy，you look pale.—i am tired. i __the living room all day.
a. painted b. had painted c. h**e been painting d. h**e painted
词汇。a) 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。
1. liam lives in china by himself, so he m___his hometown very much.
2. the c___of the united states is washington dc.
3. they are giving a concert to r___money for the poor.
4. i find the ice is thick, so we can s___on it now.
5. victor, i can’t send these letters without any son.
b) 根据句意，用括号内所给词汇的适当形式填空。
7. i hear someforeign) will visit our school next week.
8. lu xun was one of the greatestwrite) in our country.
9. italy and russia are botheurope) countries.
10. alison isinterest) in playing basketball.
11. his hobby iscollect) coins.
书面表达读下面的材料，以“li xiaoming’s hobby”为题，写一篇不少于60词的文章。
李小明是个中学生，他喜欢集邮，他已经收集了2000多枚邮票。除了购买外，他喜欢同别人交换邮票。此外，他喜欢写信，更喜欢收到来信。李小明说集邮是一种很好的学习方式。
范文li xiaoming is a middle school student. he likes collecting stamps. he has been collecting stamps for several years.
now he has collected more than 2,000 stamps. in order to get stamps, he buys new stamps. he also exchange stamps with others.
li xiaoming likes writing letters, but he likes receiving letters even more. he says collecting stamps is a good way of learning.
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