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unit 1(should与ought to的用法)1.它们都是情态动词,意思“应该”,后面都跟动词原形。如:
1)you should put your rubbish in the bin .你应该将垃圾扔进垃圾箱里。(2)we ought to discuss it.
我们应该讨论这个事情。
2.它们的疑问形式及肯定、否定回答,没有人称和数的变化。如:
1)should we do that again ?—yes, we should.\no, we shouldn’t.
(2) ought he to return the book in time ?—yes, he ought to. \no, he ought not to.
unit 2(动词不定式和动名词)
1.动词不定式,它有两种,带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。2.(1)后接带to的动词不定式的常见动词:(自编顺口溜)
wantinvitetell,arrangedecideagree(我)想邀请(并)告诉(你),准备决定同意(你的)planhope ,remember,forgetrefuse .
计划(和)希望,记得(带to),忘了(我就)拒绝(你).(2)后接不带to的动词不定式的常见动词:使动动词和感官动词。
使动动词make ,let, h**e;感官动词:see ,hear, watch , feel ,notice等。如:
i let him go ;如:she heard him sing a song.
3)下列动词后面的动词要加ing,加了ing的动词叫“动名词”。(顺口溜)look forward tokeepfinishpractice ,suggestenjoymind(我)期望(你)保持完成练习,建议(你)享受主意,admitmiss,can’t helpgive up ,deny !(你)承认没赶上,忍不住放弃,抵赖!
3.有些动词后面即可接动词不定式,也可接动名词,常见的有:
forget , remember , stop , love , like , try , begin ,start .等和一些感官动词。如:
(1)stop doing:停止做某事;stop to do:停下来做另一件事。
forget doing:忘记做过某事;forget to do:忘记去做某事。
(前者做过,忘了)。(2)see sb do sth,看见某人做了某事(动作已完成),see sb doing sth ,看见某人正在做某事(动作正在进行)。
unit 3 (形容词的比较级和最高级)1.规则变化:
1)一般单音节形容词,词尾直接加er ,est .(2)词尾e结尾的,直接加r和st.
3)以“辅音+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加er , est .
4)以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写这个辅音,再加er, est.如:
fat---fatter---fattest ,thin---thinner---thinnest.
5)大部分双音节和多音节词,在它们前面加more和most.
careful---more careful---most careful.
3.不规则变化:bad---worse---worst , good---better---best , little---less---leastmany\much---more---most.
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unit 4
1.掌握how和what引导的感叹句的句型结构。如:
what an interesting book it is !在句中,what an interesting book是感叹部分,it is是主谓部分。所以感叹句是感叹部分+主谓部分构成,主谓部分可以省去。
what bad news it is !=what bad news !how tall the man is !
=how tall !
巧办法:先把后面主谓部分遮住,剩下名词就由what引导,剩下形容词用how引导。
2.区分一般过去式和现在完成时。
i taught here ten years ago.一般过去时是规范动词+ed,不规范动词见课本附表。i h**e taught here for ten years.
现在完成时结构:h**e (has)+动词过去分词。(1)不同点:
现在完成时强调动作对现在的影响,例中十年前的动作一直延续到现在,还可能继续;一般过去时强调动作发生在过去,跟现在无关。(2)一般过去时常用时间状语:yesterday , last week (month /year….
)ago,in+过去年份,just now等。
现在完成时的常见时间状语:for , since , just , yet , ever , never , already ,recently , several times , in the past……years.
unit 5 (副词的修饰)
1.副词修饰动词,形容词和副词。
1)happy tr**els widly.句中widly是副词,修饰动词tr**els。(2)they are completely satisfied .
句中completely是副词,修饰形容词satisfied.(3)he did really well in the exam.句中really是副词,修饰副词well。
4)luckily, he wasn’t hurt.句中luckily是副词,修饰整个句子,起强调作用。2.
下列副词,它的形容词就是他本身:hard , fast , late ,well ,enough ,far ,early,high
特别是hard做形容词时意思是:困难的;硬的。它做副词时意思是:努力的;猛烈地。而hardly是否定副词,意思是:几乎不。
good和well都表“好的”。但good是形容词,well是副词。如:
she is a good student, and she can sing very 也可作形容词,自能表示“身体好的”。如:
she doesn’t look very well today .她今天看上去身体很不好。3.形容词构成相应的副词的一般规律:
1)一般情况是在形容词后直接加ly.(2)“以y结尾的”,变y为i,再加ly.
3)“大多数以e结尾的”直接加ly,polite—politely.但是“少数以e结。
尾的”,去e,加ly,如true—tyuly.
4)“特殊情况”副词与形容词同形,见本课第2点。(5)特殊:good——well.
unit 6 (一般现在时,一般过去时及含有情态动词的被动式的句子。)
1.被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示,译为“被”。
2.被动语态的谓语结构:be +过去分词。3.被动语态的构成举例:
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we speak english.(主动句)
english is spoken by us.(被动句)。
注意:被动句的时态与数,应与主动句保持一致。4.被动语态的时态:(以play为例)。
主动时态被动时态一般现在时———play \plays———am \is \are\ play一般过去式———played———was \were played含有情态动词———can \may \must play———can \may \must be played5.注意:
1)如果是接双宾语的动词改被动语态时,直接宾语(物)做主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词由与其搭配的动词决定。
例子:he g**e me a book.(中间的me是间接宾语,book是直接宾语。)=i was given a book by him.
=a book was given to me by him.(介词to与give搭配。give to)例子:
they bought the teacher some flowers.==the teacher was bought some flowers by them.
=some flowers were bought for the teacher by them.(bought与for搭配)。
3)感官动词或者使动动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to,但。
变为被动语态时,须带to.
例子:he made me finish the work before dark.
i was made to finish the work before dark by 7 (因果关系)
1.英语中,我们常用why询问原因,用because解释回答事物的因果关系。why are you late for school?(你为什么上学迟到)。because i
作为连词,表原因,用来连接两个句子,即可放句首,也可在句尾。i opened the window because it was very 与so不用于同一个句子中。
because the water wasn’t clean, we didin’t go swimming.
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