topic 1 pollution has caused too many problems.
一） 重点词组。
1. stand /improve / protect the environment 忍受/改善/保护环境
2. what has happened here
3. pour…into
4. there be + sb. /sth. +doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。
5. in a good / bad mood情绪好/差。
6. feel uncomfortable感到不舒适。
7. pour waste into river把废水倒入河里。
8. something useful有用的事物。
9. be harmful to sb. /sth. do harm to对某人/某物有害。
10. stop ****** so much noise停止发出如此大的噪音。
11. disturb others打扰别人。
12. a kind of pollution一种污染。
13. be sorry for doing sth对做了某事感到抱歉。
14. not all
15. in noisy conditions在吵杂的条件下。
16. go deaf变聋了。
17. quite a few相当少。
18. no better than几乎）与……一样差。
19. cause high blood pressure引发高血压。
20. in strong, changeable light在强烈、易变的光线下。
二、 重点句型。
1. it is difficult for me to breathe. 对我来说很难呼吸。
2. -how long h**e you been like this? 你处于这样的状态多久了？
---i h**e been like this since last month. 自从上个月以来我一直这样。
3. it is a beautiful place with flowers and grass. 那是个有花、有草的美丽的地方。
4. all the flowers, grass and fish h**e gone! 所有的花、草和鱼儿都没有了！
5. it smells terrible. 难闻极了。
6. there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.
有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。
7. it’s our duty to protect the environment. 保护环境是我们的职责。
9. noise is a kind of pollution and it is harmful to our ears.
噪音是一种污染，对我们的耳朵有害。
三、重点语言点。
4．there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the river.
有几座工厂正往河里排放污水。
there be + sb. /sth. +doing sth. 表有某人/ 某物正在做某事。
如： there are some birds singing in the tree. 树上有些鸟儿在歌唱。
there is a little girl crying in the street. 街上有个小女孩在哭。
5．stop doing sth. 停止做（正在进行的）事。
stop to do sth. 停下来去做（另一件）事。
如：it’s late. they will stop working and (stop) to h**e supper.
很迟了。他们将停下来吃晚饭。
the students stopped talking and to listen to the teacher. 学生们停止说话去听课。
7． …not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution.
并不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染。
not 与both、all 、every 以及 every 的派生词连用时，表部分否定。
如：not everybody knows this secret. 不是人人知道这个秘密。
nobody knows this secret. 没有一个人知道这个秘密。
i don’t know all (of) your names. 你们的名字我并不都知道。
i know none of your names. 我不知道你们所有人的名字。
8. recently it was reported that many teenagers in america can hear no better than 65-year-old people do,…近来据报道，美国许多青少年的听力和65岁的老人一样差。
no better than… 表“同……(几乎)一样差； 不比……做得好”
如： lucy did no better than lily in the exam. 露西和莉莉考得几乎一样糟。
= lucy almost did as badly as lily in the exam.
四、重点语法。
现在完成时中延续性的动作或状态和由for / since 引导的一段时间状语搭配使用。
a)“for + 时间段” 与 “since + 时间点” 都表“一段时间”，常用how long 提问。
如： -how long h**e you been like this?
---i h**e been like this since last month./ for a month.
---how long h**e you lived in changle?
---i h**e lived in changle for ten years / since ten years ago.
b) 如句中含有非延续性动词，则改为相应的延续性动词或状态。
如：i bought this tv three days ago.= i h**e had this tv for three days.
his cat died yesterday.= his cat has been dead since yesterday.
常见的非延续性动词转换成延续性动词如下：
come—be here; go—be there; close—be closed; open—be open;
buy—h**e; borrow —keep; le**e—be away; begin—be on;
finish—be over; die—be dead etc.
topic 2 all these problems are very serious.
一、重点词汇。
一）词形变换。
1. none (反义词) all 2. both (反义词) neither 3.
rubbish (同义词) litter 6. beh**e (名词) beh**ior 7. prevent (同义词) stop 8.
although (同义词) though 9. pollute (句词) pollution10. completely (形容词) complete
二）重点词组。
1．read this article看这篇文章。
2．here and there = everywhere到处。
3．care for = look after = take care of照顾。
4．give some advice to提出一些建议给……
6．protect nature保护自然。
7．wash away冲走。
8．blow away吹走；刮走。
9．turn into = change into转变成。
10．die out灭绝；绝迹。
11．stop / prevent …(from) doing sth阻止……做某事
12．keep…from doing sth阻止……做某事。
13．cut down砍倒。
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