动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：
（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。
2023年高考全国卷ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。
2023年高考全国卷ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的h**e；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。
2023年高考全国卷ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。
各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一。般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数。
1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。
（1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes
（2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries
（3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes
2．功能：（1）表现在的事实、状态或动作。例如：
i h**e a dream.
she loves music.
mary's parents get up very early.
（2）表习惯性动作或职业，常与often，sometimes，usually，always，every week，occasionally，frequently，seldom等时间副词连用。例如：
i always take a walk after supper.
she writes to me very often.
she is an english teacher.
（3）表客观真理，格言警句或事实。例如：
the earth moves around the sun.
the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
two and two makes four.
no man but errs.
（4）表示将来发生的动作：
a．在由when，after, before，as，as soon as，although，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as long as，where，whatever，wherever 等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来发生的动作。例如：
i'll tell her when she comes tomorrow.
even if it rains this afternoon, i'll meet you.
whatever happens, you should keep cool-headed.
i'll be right here waiting for you wherever you go.
b．按时间表将要发生的动作或事件，用一般现在时表达将来时概念。例如：
the play begins at 6:30 this evening.
when does the plane take off?
he le**es for that city next week.
according to the timetable, the train starts at 9 o’clock.
二．一般过去时：动词的过去式。
1．表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。例如：
we visited the school last spring.
i went to school by bike when i was in middle school.
china was founded in 1949.
2．在表示时间或条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。例如：
she told me she would’t go with us if it rained the next day.
they would not le**e until she came back.
his girlfriend promised to marry him once he bought her a big house.
三．一般将来时：shall / will + 动词原形。
1．表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：
he will graduate from the college next year.
we shall finish our work as quickly as possible.
2．将来时的其它结构。 例如：
i .is/am/are going to do sth.（美国口语中常读作be gonna）
i'm going to buy a new car this fall.
he is going to sell his house.
注意：be going to与will的对比：下列情况须用will
i will be sixteen years old next year.
it will be the 20th of august tomorrow.
when he comes, i will give him your message.
ii. is/am/are + to do sth.表示计划安排做某事或征求意见。例如：
am i to take over his work?
we are to meet at the gate.
iii. is/am/are about to do sth. 即将做某事。例如：
the talk is about to begin.
四．一般过去将来时：would + 动词原形。
1.表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中。例如：
he said that they would meet me at the station.
she told me that she would come to see me.
2.表示过去习惯性动作（不管什么人称都用would）。例如：
whenever he had time,tom would go to see his grandma.
the old couple would go for a walk after supper.
注意句型：was/were about to do sth. when……正要做某事，这时……
was/were on the point of doing sth. when……（when引导的从句要用一般过去时）例如：
he was about to go out when the telephone rang.
i was about to go shopping when it rained.
she was on the point of h**ing supper when the light went off.
五．现在进行时：is / am / are +现在分词。
1．表示现在正在进行的动作。例如：
the water is boiling. shall i make tea?
the workers are building a new bridge across the river.
2．表现阶段正进行的动作。例如：
he is taking physics this semester.
we are preparing for our final examination this week.
don't you think you eat too much? you're putting on weight.
3．go, come, le**e, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, join, etc.用于进行时态时表示即将开始的动作。例如：
look! the bus is coming.
the old man is seriously ill, and he is dying.
alice is le**ing for shanghai with her mother.
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