一、宾语从句讲解。
宾语从句的构成。
i heard that he would come here later on.
主语谓语动词引导词一个句子作宾语。
宾语从句最重要因素： 时态，语序，连接词。
一、时态。a）当主句用一般现在时，从句要根据实际情况，选择时态。
例如：i believe（that）you did your best for that.
i believe（that）you will do your best for that.
(b) 当主句的时态用一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态（过去时代包括，过去进行时，一般过去时，过去将来时，过去完成时等过去时态）
例如：i hear he will come here later on.
i heard [,he would come here later on.
(c)当主句的时态用的是过去时态，但是从句的内容是对客观事情的叙述，从句依然用一般现在时态。
例如：my teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
二、语序。1. 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句须用陈述句语序。如：
do you know where he lives?
2. 当主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose, imagine, expect等词时，宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中，译为汉语时，仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。
如：i don’t think (that) tom is wrong.
三、连接词
1. that引导宾语从句时，that只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，也没有词义，常可省略。如：
i know(that) he is a canadian athlete.
2. whether或if引导宾语从句时，whether或if在句中不充当句子成分，意为“是否”,不可省略。如：
i don’t know whether/ if my parents agree with me.
注意：与or not直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。如：
he didn’t say whether or not he would be staying here.
●当从句做介词的宾语时，只用whether 不用if
例如：we are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
3. what, who, whose, which等连接代词和when, where, how, why等连接副词引导宾语从句时，这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分，都有各自的词义，不能省略。如：
he didn’ t understand what the teacher said.
i don’ t know when we will h**e a meeting.
exercises】
1. i want to know___the day after tomorrow.
a. what he will do b. what will he do c. what he did d. what did he do
2. -could you please tell me___
- -it’s next to the post office.
a. where is the supermarket. b. where the supermarket is
c. where was the supermarket d. where the supermarket was
3. no one can be sure __in a million years.
a. what man looks like b. what will man look like
c. man will look like what d. what man will look like
4. -could you tell me___tomorrow morning?
---well, it will start at 9:00 o’clock.
a. when the meeting will start b. where will the meeting start
c. where the meeting starts d. when the meeting would start
5. -could you tell me how long __the book?
---three days.
a. i can keep b. can i borrow can borrow d. can i keep
6. liu ling’s mother wanted to know___
a. if she studied hard at school b. how did she study at school
c. what did she study at school
7. excuse me, could you please tell me which gate___
a. we h**e to go to b. we had to go to c. do we h**e to go to d. did we h**e to go to
8. can you describe___
a. what your friend is like b. how your friend is like
c. what does your friend look like d. how your friend looks like
9. -can you make sure___
---sorry, i can’t. but i did see her just now.
a. where did she go b. where she had gone c. where she has gone d. where will she go
10. he asked his classmate where___
a. does his teacher see the film b. his teacher saw the film
c. did his teacher see the film
11. -by the way, do you know the national spelling bee?
---no, i never heard of it. tell me___please.
a. what is it b. what it is c. it is what d. is it what
12. our teacher asked me___
a. what was ann doing these days b. why peter didn’t come to school yesterday
c. when will the dolphin show begin d. how long i usually spend on my homework
13.“excuse me, do you knowsorry, i don’t know.”
a. where is no.1 middle school b. where no.1 middle school is
middle school is where middle school where is
14. -how does she come to school?
---pardon?
---i asked how __to school.
a. did she come b. she came c. does she come
15. do you know __this time yesterday?
a. what she is cookingb. what is she cooking
c. what she was cookingd. what was she cooking
二，定语从句。
定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1) the man who lives next to us is a policeman.
2) you must do everything that i do.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
关系代词引导的定语从句。
指人，在从句中做主语。
1)the boys who are playing football are from class one.
2)yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way.
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