一、介词按其构成可分为:
1. 简单介词 at, in, on, to, since, until等。如:
he's worked there since 1998.
2. 复合介词 into, onto, out of等。如:
she is out of school. 她毕业了。
3. 二重介词 from under, from behind, from out of, until after, except in等。如:
i'm from out of town. 我是从城外来的。
4. 短语介词 because of, instead of, in spite of等。如:
i went back not because of the rain, but because i was tired.我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。
二、介词的作用:
1. 表示地点: after, along, at, below, by, of, near, over, through, under等。如:
near the village the boys are skating on the ice. 男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
they lay down under the shade of a tree. 他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。
2. 表示时间: about, after, across, at, during, for, in, of, till, until等。如:
after class he will tell us about the accident. 课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
a he**y rain has been falling across three days. 一场大雨下了整整三天。
the accident happened during the night. 事故发生在夜间。
3. 表示动作: at, across, around, on, over, under等。如:
the earth goes around the sun. 地球绕太阳运行。
the car is under repair. 汽车在修理中。
4. 表示比较: as, like, above, over, with等。如:
she was something like her sister. 她有几份像她的妹妹。
chinese is much more difficult in contrast with english. 和英语相比,汉语难得多。
5. 表示原因: about, for, from, with等。如:
don't worry about my lessons. 不要担心我的功课。
business kept me from coming. 我因事不能来。
he was angry with what i did. 他对我所做的很气愤。
6. 表示条件: to, with, without等。如:
without your advice, he would h**e failed. 没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。
7. 表示手段、方式: as, by, in, with等。如:
he beh**ed as a drunkard. 他的举止如同醉汉一样。
learn the new words by heart.记住这些生词。
we see with our eyes.我们用眼睛看。
8. 表示距离、数量: from, in, within等。如:
my house is ten miles from the school. 我家离学校十英里。
they were thirty in all. 他们总共有三十人。
9. 表示目的: as, for等。如:
i only said it as a joke. 我只是把它当作笑话讲的。
it's time for class. 到上课的时间了。
10. 表示让步: for, with等。如:
for all his effort, he didn't succeed. 虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。
with all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。
for还可以引导插入语,例如:
i, for one, shall vote against the proposal. 我也投票反对这个提议。
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