非谓语动词（9）
考纲解析：非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有1~2题涉及该部分要点。
知识框架：一：含义
非谓语动词含义：在句子中充当除谓语外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
二：分词。三：用法。
1.分词做状语。
when they heard the news, they got excited.
hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)
because he had visited the city many times,he offered to be our guide.
h**ing visited the city many times, he offered to be our guide.（原因）
if we were given more time, we would be able to do the work better.
given more time, we would be able to do the work better.（条件）
because the desk is being repaired,the desk makes a lot of noise.
being repaired,the desk made a lot of noise.
because she had been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.
h**ing been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)
2.分词做状语总结。
例题】1. _from space, the earth looks blue .
2. _from space , we can see the earth is blue .
a. seenb. seeing c. h**ing seen d. see
3. _for two hours , he went away .
a. waiting b. to wait c. waited d. h**ing waited
4. returning home, _
a. my watch was missing b. my watch was gone
c. my watch was lostd. i found my watch missing
5. _many times , he still couldn’t understand it
6. _many times , but he still couldn’t understand it .
been told had been told d. though he had been told
注意 ：有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally speaking … 一般说来。
frankly speaking … 坦白地说。
judging from … 根据……来判断。
considering … 考虑到……
to tell you the truth … 说实话。
compared to/with… 和…相比。
例题】1. _from his appearance, he is very strong.
a. judgingb. being judged
c. to judged. judge
2. _that he is ill, his work should be done by others
b. to consider c. considering d. consider
3.分词做定语表所修饰词的性质、特征和状态。
falling le**es 正在下落的树叶 fallen le**es 已经落下的树叶。
boiling water 沸腾的水boiled water 烧开过的水。
developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家。
the girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.
看到蛇，女孩尖叫起来。
his frightening shout scared the boys.
他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑。
the houses built are for the teachers. （the houses has been built.)
the houses being built are for the teachers.（the houses is being built.)
the workers building the houses are from countries. (the workers are building the houses.)
the houses to be built are full the teachers.( the house will be built)
the workers to build house are from countries.(the workers will build the house)
4.分词做表语。
the news is令人鼓舞）
he is感到惊讶）
5.分词的独立主格结构：有时现在分词和过去分词带有自己的主语（即它们之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系），这个逻辑上的主语一般是由名词或代词主格担任，放在现在分词和过去分词之前，我们称之为独立主格。
because it is sunday, you needn’t go to school
it being sunday,you needn’t go to school.
after all the officials had arrived,the meeting was declared.
all the officials __the meeting was declared
if weather permits,we’ll go to the summer palace.
weatherwe’ll go to the summer palace.
all the work is done and you can h**e a rest.
all the work done,you can h**e a rest.
the plancarry out)and everything is all right.
the plancarry out),everything is all right.
例题】students went out of the classroom说说笑笑）(talk and laugh)
entered the room后面跟着女朋友）．(follow)
saw the teacher正在做实验）(do)
4. i’ve never heard the song用英语唱）(sing)
5．（2011·天津卷）7．passengers are permittedonly one piece of hand luggage onto the plane．
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