非谓语动词的句法功能
非谓语做题步骤。
解答语法填空时,首先分析句子结构,若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时,所给动词必定用非谓语动词;然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分,初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式;最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法,同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求,再结合与逻辑主语的关系,确定该填哪种形式。
可以按照以下四步来解答。
一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”
二找逻辑主语。
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
___these pictures, i couldn’t help thinking of those days when i was in beijing .
___from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
三、分析语态。
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1. the dirty clothesthe girl hung them up outside .
2. _the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
a. was washed
b. washed
washed
washed
四、分析时态。
1. the building _c___now will be a restaurant .
2. the building __b__ next year will be a restaurant .
3. the building __d___last year is a restaurant.
a. h**ing been built
b. to be built
builtd. built
非谓语动词(done)的用法讲解。
一作宾补。当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用-ed形式。
例如:while she was getting me _ settle) into a tiny but clean room…
思路分析:因句中已有谓语was getting,所以settle应是非谓语动词;又由settle sb. into/in/on…(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知,me与settle是被动关系,要用过去分词用宾补,故填settled。
注意:1)·在with的宾语后,若用-ed形式,表示宾语与-ed形式在逻辑上是被动关系,且意味着该动作已经完成。
2)·get…done=h**e sth. done请人做/遭受(被动)。
3)·make oneself 后常用understood, heard, seen, known等作宾补,表示让别人明白自己的意思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。
例如:alexander tried to get his workrecognize) in the medical circles.
recognized。考查“get+宾语+过去分词”结构。其中的“宾语”与其后的“过去分词”之间为被动关系。
二作状语。1)在表示时间、让步、方式或伴随情况时,若与句子主语在逻辑上是被动关系,用-ed形式。
2)在“连词(如when, while, if, though等)+分词”结构中,当分词与主句主语是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如:thoughsurprise) to see us, the professor g**e us a warm welcome.
surprised, 因the professor与surprise是被动关系,故用“连词+过去分词”作状语。
___see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
seen, 由于the south foot与see之间为被动关系,故要选过去分词作状语。
the experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, ifcarry) out regularly, can improve our health.
carried,由于exercise(锻炼) 与carry out(进行,执行) 之间为被动关系,故用“连词+过去分词”作状语,if carried out regularly相当于if it is carried out regularly
三作定语。分词作定语:被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如:i’m calling to enquire about the position __advertise) in yesterday’s china daily.
advertised, 由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系,且广告昨天已经刊发了,故用过去分词作定语。
so far nobody has claimed the moneydiscover) in the library.
discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系,由句意可知,钱“已经”被发现,故用过去分词作定语。
四作表语。分词作表语则说明主语的性质像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到……的”。
实例解析。1 mrs. white showed her students some old mapsborrow) from the library.
borrowed, 因maps与borrow之间为被动关系;再根据句意,地图是“已经”借来了,所以用过去分词作定语。
2 the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already __lay) for a meal to be cooked.
laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”,因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
3 a great number of studentsquestion) said they were forced to practice the piano.
questioned,由于students与question(提问,询问) 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。
4 lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleaguesamuse) with her stories.
amused, 意思是lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”,表示人“感到愉快”,用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的),故填amused。
5 almost 33 ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground.
frozen, 因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。
6 it was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many american families.
delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。
非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点:
一).使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1) 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中,可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上象非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。
1.__hard and you will succeed in the exam.
2.__hard or you will fail in the exam.
a. study b. to study c. studying d. studied 【答案:a a】
2) 在“句子,非句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:
3. the teacher devoted his life to his career, _most of his students successful in study.
a. make b. to make c. ****** d. made 【答案:c】
3) 在“非句子,句子”结构中,非句子部分用非谓语:
4with children, i know what is needed most.
a. working b. h**ing worked c. worked d. to work 【答案:b】
4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中,宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词:
5. with her baby __on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.
a. sleep b. slept c. to sleep d. sleeping 【答案:d】
6. with his hair __like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.
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