非谓语：（不能单独做谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的任何成分。）
一、 不定式与动名词做主语。
1. 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般习惯的行为，不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。
例句：reading english is really a great fun.《这里不强调看一次，看两次……表示的是一般性的行为》
to read english this morning will take most of my time.《这里用不定式表示一次具体的行为》
2.形式主语it 的运用：
1).不定式做主语，谓语用单数。往往用it做形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。
例句：to finish the job took us two hours.
it took us two hours to finish the job.
注：在不定式做主语的被动语态句子中，必须用形式主语it.）
例句：it was decided to go for a picnic tomorrow.
2).it is+ do sth.当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词构成系表结构时，用of,否则用for.
例句：it’s very nice of you to help us.《此时，不定时的逻辑主语是you，adj.
是nice,二者构成系表结构，即可以说you are nice.此时应该用of>
it’s impossible for us to defeat the boss.《此时就不能说 we are impossible.因此应该用 for >
3).用动名词做主语的句型：it is/was no good(use, useless, fun)+doing sth. it’s worth while doing
例句：it’s no use cry over spilt milk.覆水难收。
it 用法远不止这几个后面会有补充)
3.成分对称：主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，应保持形式上一致。
例句：to see is to believe.
seeing is believing.眼见为实。
be no +ving
例句：there is no parking around here.
no smoking,please.
练习题。it is hardhis mind.(to change )
it is funwith a foreign man.(talking)
there is nowhat will happen.(telling)
i likethis novel this morning.(to read)
二：做表语。
1.不定式做表语表具体个别的动作或有将来的含义。
例句：my wish is to become a famous writer.
2、现在分词做表语表示主语的性质与特征，表主动（interesting, amusing, disappointing, puzzling, exciting等）；进行时表示正在进行的动作。
例句：i am teaching the child to swim when you passed by.
the story is amusing. (令人。的)
3. 过去分词作表语表示主语所处的被动状态或完成某动作的状态。
例句：the shop is closed.《表状态》
the door was closed by the wind.《表被动》
4. 注意如下动词的现在分词与过去分词用法不同：其实这些都是使役动词。
interest，surprise，frighten，excite，tire，please，puzzle，satisfy，amuse，disappoint，inspire，worry.
the book is interesting.
the news is surprising.
the story is fritenting.
he is fritented.
after hearing the exciting news, he g**e a speech in an excited voice. 练习题。
the problem is __puzzling）
the village is___by mountains. (surrounded)
she is___at the news.(surprised)
三：做宾语。
1 只能用动名词做宾语的动词《口诀》
a考虑建议盼原谅…cosider suggest/advise look forward to doing excuse/parden
b承认推辞没得想…admit delay/put off fancy
c避免错过继续练…**oid miss keep/keep on practice
e否认完成就欣赏…deny finish enjoy/appreciate
f禁止想象才冒险…forbid imagine risk
g不禁介意准逃亡…can’t help mind allow/permit escape
此外：be used to/lead to /devote to /go back to /object to /get done to /pay attention to /can’t stand /give up /feel like /insist on /thank you for /apologize for /be busy (in)h**e difficulty 、trouble in//h**e a good/wonderful/hard time in //spend time in 等动词词组后面也加doing。
2.跟动名词或不定式做宾语，有区别的。
1).like,love,prefer后接动名词，表经常性的行为；接不定式，表具体的某次行为。如前有would/should，则后接不定式。
但feel like 只接动名词做宾语。
例句：i like swimming ,but i don’t like to swim this afternoon.
2).在allow, advise, forbid, permit后，如后有名词或代词做宾语，则用不定式做宾补。
即allow, advise, forbid, permit +doing sth. /do sth.
例句：we don’t allow smoking in the hall.
we allow you to smoke here.
3).当need, require, want做“需要”讲时，其后必接 to be done(被动态)或ving（此时ving也表被动意义），表事情需要被做。want/need/ require＋动名词主动式 =want/need/require＋不定式被动式。
即need/want/require(需要)+to be done/doing/ do sth
例句：the window needs/want/requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
4).worth后必须接动名词主动形式表被动。
即be worth +名词/doing
be worthy to be done
be worthy of +名词/being done
例句：the place is worth visiting.
the place is worthy to be visited
the place is worthy of + a visit/being visited.
5).在介词but, other than之后的不定式。如介词前有“do”,则不定式省略“to”,否则就带“to”.《前有do，后无to>
例句：we could do nothing but/other than wait.
he had no choice but to wait.
另接不定式省略to的有：can’t choose but, can’t help but(只好), can’t but，had better, would rather.
eg:he cannot choose but stay on.
you had better come here on time.
i would rather stay than otherwise.
6).当不定式做动词tell,show,understand,teach,discuss,wonder,find out,等词宾语时，前常带引导词how, what,whether， why，who等+to do,但why+不带to的不定式。
例句：i don’t know what to do.
can you tell me why do it?
练习题：1. i can hardly imagine peter __sail) across the atlantic.
2. i would appreciate your __call) back this afternoon.
3. the discovery of the new evidence led to the thief __catch).
4. she didn’t remember __meet) him before.
5. we h**e always deeply regretted __sell) the house.
中考语法专题 非谓语动词讲解
考点。一 动词不定式。一 构成。不定式由 to 动词原形 构成，其否定形式是在to 前加not。在句子中，不定式可以作主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语等。二 句法功能。注意 1 在kind,good,nice,clever,等表示人的品质 特征的形容词后，不用for而用of 例 你那样做真是太聪明了。2...
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词。1.概念和功能 做非谓语成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 的动词形式，包括 ing分词，不定式和 ed分词。2.非谓语动词使用条件 一个简单句里只能有一个谓语动词，是主要动作 如果还需要用动词，则只能用非谓语动词作其它成分，表示次要动作 如果一个句子里面有两个或两个以上的谓语动词...
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语复习要点。一 非谓语动词作定语。一 不定式作定语。1.用不定式作定语的几种情况 1 不定式表将来。如 the car to be bought is for his sister.2 被序数词 最高级或no，all，any等修饰的名词 代词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。如 he was th...