动词。动词的分类基本上是分为四类:系动词,助动词,情态动词和行为动词。
一:系动词。
1. be动词:be动词是最常见的连系动词,它的一般现在时态形式有am,is,are;过去时的形式是was,were。随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
如:i am a are happy
eg. -there __a lot of meat on the plate. would you like some ?
---just a little, please
a. is b. arec. amd. be
this pair of jeans___tina’s
a. areb. bec. isd. will be
2.其他可以做系动词的词:另外有一些词也可以做系动词用,其后接形容词,名词或介词短语,这类词有become,turn,grow,look,smell,sound, taste等。
如:tom’s mother looks tired
the cake tastes delicious
eg. the english song___very nice. can you guess who is singing?
a. smellsb. looksc. tastesd. sounds
the food in that restaurant___delicious, but it tastes bad
a. looksb. feelsc. becomesd. gets
3. 可做实义动词的系动词:大多数感官动词,都既可以做系动词,也可以做实义动词,此时单独做谓语。如:he felt ill yesterday
eg. i like wearing clothes made of cotton because cotton___nice and soft
a. is feelb. is feelingc. feeld. feels
please___the soup to see whether i h**e put enough salt in it
a. smellb. feelc. eatd. taste
二:助动词:助动词本身没有意义,不能单独做谓语,只能和行为动词一起构成谓语,表示疑问,否定,时态及语态等。
如:i don’t like ithe doesn’t watch tv in the meeting
eg. -lucy, what about going camping if __tomorrow?
---sounds great!
a. didn’t rainb. doesn’t rainc. won’t raind. hasn’t rain
---what __your mother look like?
---she has long hair
a. doesb. doc. is
三:情态动词:表示说话人的语气和情态,如需要,可能,怀疑,愿意等,有一定的词义,但不完整,必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语,常见的情态动词有:
can, could, may, might, must, need, shall, will, should, would及半情态动词had better, h**e to
1. can , could::can和 could 意为“能,会”表示请求,could的语气比can更委婉。
如:--could i borrow your bike?
---yes, you can
eg. -is john coming by train?
---he should, but he __not. he likes driving his car
a. mustb. canc. mayd. need
people __breathe when they are under water
a. can’tb. mustn’tc. shouldn’td. needn’t
2. may 的用法:may 可以表示许可或推测,表推测时意为“或许,可能”,但只用在陈述句中。如: you may go home.
may i smoke here?take a raincoat with you, it may rain
eg . is mr brown driving here?
---i’m not sure. he __come by train
a. mayb. must
i swim in that river?
---no, you___it is dangerous to swim in it
a. must, can’tb. can, may notc. may, mustn’t
3. must 与 h**e to的用法:(1)must意为“必须”,表示说话人的主**法,h**e to表示客观需要。
如:you must be here before five o’clockit’s too late, i h**e to le**e now
2)must 表“必须”时,其否定式是needn’t
如:--must i finish my homework now?
---no, you needn’t
3)must可表示“猜测”,一般用于肯定句,它的肯定程度比may,might大的多,意为“一定是,准是”,如果要表示否定时,不可用mustn’t;而是 can not。因为mustn’t表示“不准,禁止”。
如:her answer can’t be room is locked. she can’t be in
eg . mike, i can’t stop playing computer games
---for your eyes, my dear friend, i’m afraid you___
a. h**e tob. mayc. cand. must
---must i stay at home and take care of her?
---no, you __
a. mustn’tb. won’tc. can’td. needn’t
4. need 的用法:need既可以做情态动词,也可以做实义动词,need做情态动词主要用在疑问句,否定句中,否定式是needn’t;做实义动词有人称,数,时态的变化,肯定式是need todo sth, 否定式是 needn’t to do sth。
如:need you go now?we needn’t do our homework now
do you need to know it ? he need to go home
eg. -may i do the rest of the work tomorrow?
---yes, of course. you___finish it today
a. mustb. mustn’tc. needn’t
you___do it if you really don’t want to
a. needn’tb. mustn’tc. can’td. couldn’t
5. had better的用法:(1)had better意为“最好“,没有人称的变化,后接不带to的不定式。
如:we had better catch a early busyou had better go there by bus
2) 否定式为had better not,如:you’d better not make any noise
eg . you’d better___smoking, _you will get ill
a. go on, sob. give up, andc. give up, or
you look tired, you’d better___a good sleep
a. h**eb. h**ingc. hadd. to h**e
四、行为动词:行为动词 vt./vi.
表示动作或状态。有完整的词义。能独立作谓语。
按其带不带宾语、分为及物动词(带宾语)和不及物动词(不带宾语)help帮助(vt.) see看见(vt.) go去(vi.
) fly飞(vi.) he often helps me. i can see a bird in the tree.
planes can fly.
1)行为动词又可分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)两种。及物动词作谓语,后面必须跟宾语意思才完整。不及物动词作谓语,后面不能跟宾语,只有加上介词后才可接宾语。
2)英语中有些动词常常是既作及物动词又作不及物动词;既作连系动词工作及物动词。
例如:he speaks english very well. (vt.) 他英语讲得好。
he spoke at the meeting. (vi.)
另外,动词按其在句中能否作谓语,又可分为谓语动词(finite verb)和非谓语动词(non-finite verb)两大类。
说明:谓语动词又称限定动词,非谓语动词又称非限定动词。
非谓语动词初中阶段主要学习动词不定式的用法。
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