倒装句。
英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，如果将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前，这种语序叫倒装。倒装分为完全倒装、部分倒装和形式倒装。
i完全倒装。
英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。
1. there be 句型。
there is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。
there are thousands of people gathering on the square. 广场上聚集着成千上万的人
注意引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。
there lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。
there stand two white houses by the river. 河滨矗立着两座白房子。
there existed some doubt among the students. 学生中有些怀疑。
2. 表示地点、时间或方位等的副词或介词（短语）
1）用于here, there, now, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中（谓语动词多为be, go, come等）。 here comes the bus．汽车来了。
there goes the bell. 铃响了。
now comes my turn. 轮到我了。
then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令到了。
2） 以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, le**e等句子里。
away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。
out rushed the children laughing loudly.
down fell the le**es. 树叶掉了下来。
注意在完全倒装的结构里，如果主语是人称代词，则用正常语序。
out she went. 她走了。 here we are. 我们到了。
3） 表示地点的介词词组位于句首，如in the room, on the wall,谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。
south of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。
20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool. 我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。
on the floor were piles of old books, magazines and news*****s. 地板上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。
3.“表语+连系动词+主语”结构。
lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。
gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。 present at the meeting are some well-known scientists.
一些知名的科学家出席了会议。
ii 部分倒装。
1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, scarcely, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时，或表示否定意义的介词短语置于句首（at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition）
he can not speak a single word of english. —not a single word of english can he speak. 他连一个英语单词都不会说。
he cares little about his clothes. —little does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。
i h**e never seen him before. —never h**e i seen him before.
—never before h**e i seen him. 我以前没见过他。
the mother didn't le**e the room until the child fell asleep. —not until the child fell asleep did the mother le**e the room. 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。
not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。)
churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet ——not only was churchill a statesman, but a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是个政治家，而且还是个诗人。
i shall by no means give up. —by no means shall i give up. 我决不放弃。
必背：表示“刚就的倒装结构
hardly had he started to le**e when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。
scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. 他刚坐下，手机就响了。
no sooner had he handed in his ***** than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。
2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。
only then did i see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。
only in this way can you use the computer well. 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好。
only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 只有他病重时，他才待在床上。
only+状语从句，从句不倒装，主句倒装）
3. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：so + be（h**e，助动词或情态动词）+主语。
she has been to tokyo. so h**e i. 她去过东京，我也去过。
he can send emails to his former classmates. so can she. 他能电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。
he went to the film last night. so did i. 昨天晚上他去看电影了，我也去了。
注意：如果对前面所说的内容，加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，那不倒装。
-- jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。 -so he did.
确实是的。 -it is cold today. 今天很冷。
-so it is and so was it yesterday. 确实是很冷，昨天也很冷。 his mother told him to go to the film.
so he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。 4．neithe/rnor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。
she won’t go. neither/nor will i. 她不走，我也不。
i cannot swim. neither can he . 我不会游泳，他也不会。
注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“it is the same with +主语”结构或用“so it is with +主语”结构。
he worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. so it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。
他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定）
she is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. so it is with mr li. 她是老师，热爱教书。
李先生也是这样。（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词）
5. “so...that...和“such...that...结构中的so或such位于句首时。
he was so excited that he could not say a word. —so excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。
his anger was such that he lost control of himself. —such was his anger that he lost control of himself. 他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。
5． 一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。
i h**e seen her taking a walk alone many a time.
many a time h**e i seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。
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