第一轮高考英语语法专题复习之八：虚拟语气。
1. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如：
i would certainly go if i had time．（现在）
if it should rain，we wouldn't go out.（将来）
if he were here，we could ask him．（现在）
2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + h**e + 过去分词）。如：
if i had set off a little earlier， i would h**e caught the train．
if i hadn't taken your advice，i would h**e made a bad mistake．
if only you hadn't told him the news．
3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如：
had they time（=if they had time），they would certainly come and help us．
should it be fine（=if it should be fine），we would go for an outing．
were i go（=if i were you）， i would go．
4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。if it had rained last night（过去），it would be very cold today（现在）．
if i had taken your advice（过去），i should h**e no trouble with the work now（现在）．
2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。i suggest that we（should）set off at once．
the doctor insisted that the patient (should）be x-rayed．
i wish i were as strong as you． i would rather that you hadn't told him．
3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法。
在it is necessary/important/strange/natural；it is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
it is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
it is requested that professor li（should）give us a speech．
it is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。
在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？
5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法。
在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符； they talked as if they had been friends for years．
6．虚拟语气特殊的用法： （1）在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气：it is time that the problem was solved.
（2） …would rather (that) sb did …(现在或者将来时间) …would rather (that) sb. had done…(过去时间)
第一轮高考英语语法专题复习之九：倒装句。
全部倒装。在下面几种情况下，需把全部的谓语动词放在主语之前，构成全部倒装：
1)在there be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。例如：
look, there's that bookshop i was telling you about。
long ago there lived a king with his three lovely daughters。
2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here、there、now、then、up、down、in、away、out等置于句首时，一般谓语动词是be ,come go ,run, lie 等时。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
there goes the phone. i'll answer it。there comes the bus!
suddenly, in came a man with a mask on his face。当主语是人称代词而不是名词时句子不倒装：here you are
3)such作表语置于句首时。例如：
such was albert einstein, a ****** man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
4)表示地点的介词短语开头的句子。
in the center of the square stands a monument。
on the back wall hangs a portrait。
inside the pyramids are burial rooms for the kings and queens。
2. 部分倒装。
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
1) little, never, not, seldom, neither, nor, rarely, seldom, by no means, at no time，under no circumstances, in no case等表示否定意义的单词和短语位于句首时。例如：
little does he care about what others think。
under no circumstances are you to le**e the house。
2) 在not…until…, no sooner...than...scarcely/hardly...
when...not only...but also...
neither...nor.。.等句式中。
not until he told me did i know the truth。
hardly had she sat down when the phone rang。
not only do the workers want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well。
neither does he drink nor smoke。
3) 当only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。注意only修饰主语句子不倒装。倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
only when the teacher talked to me , did i find i h**e made a mistake。
4) 在 so/such …that…。从句中，当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。例如：
so exhausted was she that she wanted to h**e a rest。
5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用so/as+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也是……”times h**e changed and so h**e i。当前后两个说话人谈论的是同一人、同一事时，常用so/as+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词，不再采用主谓倒装。
i reminded you not to forget the appointment。—so you did。
—you forgot your purse when you went out。—good he**ens, so i did。
6)当neither, nor位于句首， 表示前面否定的内容也适用与另一个人或事物时，常用neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语，表示“……也不……”例如：
they couldn’t understand it at the time, and nor could we。
7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were、had、should提到主语前面时。例如：
had it not been for your help, we shouldn't h**e achieved so much
8)as和though引导的让步状语从句时。例如：
child as he is, he knows a lot of things。
try as she might, sue couldn't get the door open。
strange though it may seem, i like housework。
9)当may放在句首，表达祝愿时。例如：
may you succeed! 祝你成功！
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