一肯定句:“there be+主语(某人/某物)+介词短语”,表示“(在)某地有某人/某物”。这里的be的单复数形式要采取“就近一致”原则,即合靠近be的主语保持一致。
具体地说,there后面第一个主语,若是单数时,be就用is/was;若是复数时be就用are/were。如:
there are three people in my family. 我家有三口人。
there is a pen and two books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和两本书。
二.否定式:“there be +not+主语+介词短语”。如:
there isn’t a boy in the room.房间里没有一个男孩。
there aren’t any books on the desk.书桌上没有书。
注意:“there be句型”的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其他句型一样,在be后加not或no即可。
注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,所以not a/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。
例如:there are some pictures on the wall.
there aren’t any pictures on the wall.
there are no pictures on the wall.
there is a bike behind the tree.
there isn’t a bike behind the tree.
there is no bike behind the tree.
三.疑问式:be there+主语+介词短语?”。
肯定回答是:“yes, there be.”否定回答是:
“no, there+be与not的缩写形式”。如:—is there a lamp in your bedroom?
在你的卧室里有台灯吗?
yes, there is.是的,有。
are there any clock in the living room?客厅里有钟吗?
no, there aren’t.不,没有。
四.特殊疑问句:“there be句型”的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
1.对主语提问:当主语是人时,用“who+be+介词短语?
”;当主语是物时,用“what+be+介词短语?”。注意:
无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对其提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来确定)。如:
there are many things over there.
what’s over there?
there was a little girl in the room
who was in the room?
2.对地点状语提问:提问地点用“where+be+主语?”。例如:
there is a computer on the desk.
where is the computer?
there were four children on the playground.
where were the four children?
3.对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:
how many+复数名词+are/were (there)+介词短语?例如:
there’re many children in the park.
how many children are(there)in the park?
how much+不可数名词+is/was there+介词短语?例如:
there was little rain around the year.
how much rain was (there)around the year?
五.there be 的其他用法。
be与h**e的替换。there be表示所属关系时可与h**e替换。
there is nothing but a book in my bag.
i h**e nothing but a book in my bag.我书包里只有一本书。
there are forty students in our class.
our class has forty students.我们班有四十名学生。
be后接表示物的主语时,后面常接不定式作定语,不定式常用主动形式表示被动意义。there is a lot of work to do.有许多工作要做。
be后接表示人或动物的主语时,后面长接v-ing形式作定语。
there are some children playing downstairs.几个孩子在楼下玩呢。
4.与其他词连用,构成复合谓语。如:
there may be a he**y rain this afternoon.今天下午可能有一场大雨。
there used to be a cinema here before the war.战前这里有一个电影院。
be结构中的be根据所表达的句意需要,可用live,stand,remain等代替。如:once there lived a king who cared more about new clothes than anything else.
从前有一个国王,他喜欢衣物胜过一切。
there stands a high mountain in the middle of the woods.丛林中叠立着一座高山。
be结构的反意疑问句应与there be对应,而不是依据主语。如:
there is a radio on the table, isn’t there? 桌上有台收音机,是吗?
there aren’t any fish in the river, are there? 河里没有鱼,是吧?
7.习惯用语there’s no good/use…(没有好处/没有用的)后常接v-ing形式。如:
there is no good ****** friends with the dishonest men.和不诚实的人交朋友是没有好处的。
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