there be句型是一种常见的表示“存在;有”的句型。there在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词“那里”的含义。
there be 后面的名词是句子的主语,属倒装结构;
1. there be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如:
there isn't a box in the room. 房间里没有盒子。
there aren't any pens on the desk. 课桌上没有钢笔。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如:
there is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。
there are no pictures on the wall. 墙上没有图画。
2. there be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况:
how many students are there in your school? 你们学校有多少学生?
how much money is there in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱?
3. there be 句型的反意疑问句。
there is a cup on the table, isn't there? 桌子上有只杯子,是吗?
there are a lot of letters in the mailbox, aren't there? 邮筒里有很多信件,是吗?
there will be a new hospital nearby, won't there? 附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
there be句型结构:
1、there be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上保持一致,即“就近原则”,如:
there is a lamp on the table.
there are some apples in the bowl.
there are five books, two pens and a ruler in the school bag.
there is a ruler, two pens and five books in the school bag.
2、如果主语是复数名词,却表示一笔金额或一个总数或表达一个单个概念时,则仍用单数be形式,如:
there is five hundred dollars to pay.
there is still another 20 miles to drive.
there is duck and green vegetables for supper.
3、there be 中的be 有时可以是lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等,如:
there lies a river to the south.
there lived an old man in the small house.
there stood a temple near the river.
但,没有there h**e/has ..结构。
4、there is(was)+no +动词-ing结构相当于it is(was) impossible to +动词原形,如:
there is no going home. 回家是不可能了。
there is no living with him. 不能和他同住了。
there is no knowing what may happen. 不可能知道会发生什么事。
和h**e的比较:
1. 区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;h**e 表示所有关系,强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如:
there are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。
tom has many friends in china. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。
2. 相同点:在表示结构上的“含有”时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用h**e(has) 来表示。如:
there are many long rivers in china. /china has many long rivers. 中国有许多长河。
there be +主语+ doing +介词短语。 例如:
there is a truck collecting rubbish outside.
there is a wallet lying on the ground
there be结构中的be动词的确定:
1. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如:
there is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。
there are some coins in the purse. 钱包里有些硬币。
2. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如:
there is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。
there are ten students and a teacher in the office.
办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
3. 另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提到句首。如:
in the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。
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