一、there be结构。
there be结构表示“在某处或某时存在某人或某物”,be后面跟的名词为主语。
肯定结构为 there is/are +主语+地点/时间状语;
否定结构为 there is/are + not +主语+地点/时间状语。
注意:there be句型中,两个以上的主语,谓语动词要与紧挨着的主语的单复数一致,遵循就近原则。
eg. there is a girl student and two boy students in the class.
there are two boy students and a girl student in the class.
二、there be结构的否定式结构。
在动词be后面加上not或no,动词be有时态和数的变化。
eg. there are not any books on the desk.
eg. isn’t there a pen on your desk?
三、there be结构的一般疑问句结构。
is/are there +主语+(地点/时间状语)
eg. -is there an elephant in the zoo?
---yes, there is. no, there isn’t.
---are there any computers in your school?
---yes, there are some. no, there aren’t any.
注意:在回答there be的一般疑问句时,通常只是简略回答,但可以根据不同的情况,适当增加一些数量词,如many, one, some等。
四、there be结构的特殊疑问句结构。
特殊疑问句+is/are + there +地点/时间状语。
eg. how many toy cars are there in the shop?
五、there be结构的反意疑问句结构。
陈述句是there be结构时,反意疑问句用there
eg. there are some trees on the island, aren’t there?
六、there be结构的用法。
一)there可以与be的一切形式(人称,数,时态等)连用。
eg. there will be snow tomorrow.
eg. once upon a time, there were three bad brothers.
二)there可以与be的复合结构,尤其是与情态动词+appear, seen, to be, being连用。
eg. there might be drinks if you wait a bit.
eg. i’d like there to be a swimming pool in the garden.
三)there可以与live, exist, remain, lie, sit等表示状态的词,或come, arise, appear,
enter, follow等表示动作的词连用。这些词取代be的位置,经常出现在文学语言或较正式的文体中。
eg. there followed an uncomfortable silence.
eg. suddenly there entered a strange figure dressed all in black.
四)固定句式。
1. there is no sense in doing…
eg. there is no sense in ****** him angry.
2. there is no point in doing…
eg. do you think there’s any point in trying?
3. there is no use (in) doing…
4. there is no need to do…
eg. there’s no need to hurry.
四、there be结构与动词h**e/has的区别。
there be和h**e/has都表示“有”的意思,但是there be表示“存在的有”,h**e/has表示的是“所属的有”;而且there be结构的主语放在谓语动词be之后,而h**e/has前须有主语,即主语(人、物)+h**e/has+宾语。
eg. there is a pen in the pencil-box.
eg. i h**e a pen.
有时它们也可以表达相似的意思。
eg. they are going to h**e a football match next sunday.
there is going to be a football match next sunday.
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