句法:谓语动词:1. 行为动词。
1)vt. 必须跟宾语,语法意义才完整。
有主被动语态,但在下列特殊句型中vt. 后不能跟宾语。
h**e… to do 有……要干。
give… to do 给……干。
it’s + adj. +to do
2)vi. 不能直接跟宾语,只有主动语态,若要及物必须跟上相应prep.
3)vt. &vi.
open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel
2. 系动词。
系+ adj. adv. n. prep. 从句,不定式,分词。
1)常见系动词:be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like,
2)固定搭配:keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.,turn+adj.
3)系动词通常没被动,少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting
3. 延续性v. 与终止性v.
1)终止性v. 表延续的转换。
换时态: v. +ago
换词 : arrive / get to / reach---be here / there
end---be over
get back / return---be back
borrow---keep
buy---h**e
go---be there
come---be here
2)终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作。
he is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。
3)延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时。
we were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon.
4)while 引出的时间状语从句中的v. 必须用延续性动词,多为进行时。
5)终止性动词否定+until 直到……才。
延续性动词肯定+until 一直干到……为止。
英语基本句式:
英语句子有五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
s+v主谓结构。
s+v+f主系表结构。
s+v+o主谓宾结构。
s+v+o1+o2 主谓双宾结构。
s+v+o+c 主谓宾补结构
说明:s=主语;f=谓语;p=表语;o=宾语;o1=间接宾语;o2=直接宾语;c=宾语补足语
五个基本句式详细解释如下:
1. s+v句式: 在此句式中,v是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi. )例如:
he runs quickly. 他跑得快。
they listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。
he suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。
my ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。
2. s+v+f句式: 在此句式中,v是系动词(link v.
)常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:
he seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
the story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。
the desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。
the cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。
the flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。
you h**e grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。
he has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。
he becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。
注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成svo句式,例如:
he looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。
they are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。
please turn the sentence into english. 请把这个句子译成英语。
3. s十v十o句式: 在此句式中,v是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:
i saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。
h**e you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?
they found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。
they built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。
they've put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。
they h**e taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。
4. s+v+o1+o2句式: 在此句式中,v是带有双宾语的及物动词。
常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,rob,warn等。例如:
he g**e me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。
he brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。
he offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。
注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:
mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。
he got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。
please do me a f**or/a f**or for me. 请帮我一下。
5. s+v+o+c句式: 在此句式中,v是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。
they made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。
they found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。
they named the boy charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
i saw him come in and go out. 我见他进来又出去。
they felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
i heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
模拟试题】(答题时间:45分钟)
一。 选择填空:
1. she came here __
a. since a month ago b. for a month
c. a month ago d. next month
2. they got here __
a. a moment ago b. for a moment
c. since a moment ago d. sometimes
3. my father has lived here __
a. for three years b. since three years
c. for three years ago d. three years ago
4. lucy and lily __in beijing for nearly two years.
a. are b. were c. will be d. h**e been
5. my uncle __since he left school.
a. smoked b. was smoking c. has smoked d. had smoked
6. they __100,000 trees by the end of 1994.
a. planted b. has planted c. h**e planted d. had planted
7. by the time d**e got up , his mother __breakfast.
a. has cooked b. had cooked c. cooked d. h**e cooked
8. he said that he __never __such a beautiful picture before.
a. has…seen b. had ….seen c. h**e …seen d. was …seeing
9. my sister __for three years before she went to college.
a. had worked b. worked c. has worked d. h**e worked
10. look! theytheir classroom.
a. clean b. are cleaning c. cleaned d. was cleaning
二。 根据对话,用所给动词的适当形式填空:
a: where’s kate
初中英语语法讲解 动词
动词。一 动词的概念 表示动作 状态 行为等的词叫动词。二 动词的分类 英语中的动词分为连系动词 助动词 情态动词和行为动词 实义动词 四大类。1.连系动词 这类动词通常表示特征 情感 变化等的状态,不可单独作谓语,必须和后面的表语一起构成系表结构,才能充当句子的谓语。常见的连系动词主要有 be a...
实义动词初中英语语法英语语法
实意动词 即行为动词,表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的,能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种 及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词 不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。实意动词使用方法 及物动词。后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词 transitiveverb 如 i...
初中英语语法 中考英语语法
首先从几个简单的句子来分析什么是主谓宾定状补。请看下面句子。a 主语。1.his father works in a factory.2.seeing a film is better than listening to the radio.it s no use telling him the n...