初中英语语法复习中考动词及句式总语法复习

发布 2021-04-13 01:36:28 阅读 6891

句法:谓语动词:1. 行为动词。

1)vt. 必须跟宾语,语法意义才完整。

有主被动语态,但在下列特殊句型中vt. 后不能跟宾语。

h**e… to do 有……要干。

give… to do 给……干。

it’s + adj. +to do

2)vi. 不能直接跟宾语,只有主动语态,若要及物必须跟上相应prep.

3)vt. &vi.

open, close, burn, sing, study, sell, read, write, clean, keep, act, wash, feel

2. 系动词。

系+ adj. adv. n. prep. 从句,不定式,分词。

1)常见系动词:be, become, seem, look, feel, smell, sound, taste, turn, keep, get, look like,

2)固定搭配:keep silent, keep quiet, go bad, fall in/asleep, get+adj.,turn+adj.

3)系动词通常没被动,少数有进行时 be feeling, be getting

3. 延续性v. 与终止性v.

1)终止性v. 表延续的转换。

换时态: v. +ago

换词 : arrive / get to / reach---be here / there

end---be over

get back / return---be back

borrow---keep

buy---h**e

go---be there

come---be here

2)终止性动词的进行时表将要或反复不断的动作。

he is jumping over there. 他在那边反复跳。

3)延续性动词与具体时刻的状语连用时用进行时。

we were waiting for you at 3 yesterday afternoon.

4)while 引出的时间状语从句中的v. 必须用延续性动词,多为进行时。

5)终止性动词否定+until 直到……才。

延续性动词肯定+until 一直干到……为止。

英语基本句式:

英语句子有五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。

s+v主谓结构。

s+v+f主系表结构。

s+v+o主谓宾结构。

s+v+o1+o2 主谓双宾结构。

s+v+o+c 主谓宾补结构

说明:s=主语;f=谓语;p=表语;o=宾语;o1=间接宾语;o2=直接宾语;c=宾语补足语

五个基本句式详细解释如下:

1. s+v句式: 在此句式中,v是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi. )例如:

he runs quickly. 他跑得快。

they listened carefully. 他们听得很仔细。

he suffered from cold and hunger. 他挨冻受饿。

my ink has run out. 我的钢笔水用完了。

2. s+v+f句式: 在此句式中,v是系动词(link v.

)常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如:

he seen interested in the book. 他似乎对这本书感兴趣。

the story sounds interesting. 这个故事听起来有趣。

the desk feels hard. 书桌摸起来很硬。

the cake tastes nice. 饼尝起来很香。

the flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来香甜。

you h**e grown taller than before. 你长得比以前高了。

he has suddenly fallen ill. 他突然病倒了。

he becomes a teacher when he grew up. 他长大后当了教师。

注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成svo句式,例如:

he looked me up and down. 他上下打量我。

they are tasting the fish. 他们在品尝鱼。

please turn the sentence into english. 请把这个句子译成英语。

3. s十v十o句式: 在此句式中,v是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语。例如:

i saw a film yesterday. 我昨天看了一部电影。

h**e you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?

they found their home easily. 他们很容易找到他们的家。

they built a house last year. 他们去年建了一所房子。

they've put up a factory in the village. 他们在村里建了一座工厂。

they h**e taken good care of the children. 这些孩子他们照看得很好。

4. s+v+o1+o2句式: 在此句式中,v是带有双宾语的及物动词。

常见的须带双宾语的动词有give,ask,bring,offer,send,pay,lend,show,tell,buy,get,rob,warn等。例如:

he g**e me a book/a book to me. 他给我一本书。

he brought me a pen/a pen to me. 他带给我一枝钢笔。

he offered me his seat/his seat to me. 他把座位让给我。

注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:

mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。

he got me a chair/a chair for me. 他给我弄了一把椅子。

please do me a f**or/a f**or for me. 请帮我一下。

5. s+v+o+c句式: 在此句式中,v是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。

常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。

they made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。

they found her happy that day. 他们发现那天她很高兴。

they named the boy charlie. 他们给这个男孩起名为查理。

i saw him come in and go out. 我见他进来又出去。

they felt the car moving fast. 他们感到汽车行驶得很快。

i heard the glass broken just now. 我刚才听到玻璃碎了。

模拟试题】(答题时间:45分钟)

一。 选择填空:

1. she came here __

a. since a month ago b. for a month

c. a month ago d. next month

2. they got here __

a. a moment ago b. for a moment

c. since a moment ago d. sometimes

3. my father has lived here __

a. for three years b. since three years

c. for three years ago d. three years ago

4. lucy and lily __in beijing for nearly two years.

a. are b. were c. will be d. h**e been

5. my uncle __since he left school.

a. smoked b. was smoking c. has smoked d. had smoked

6. they __100,000 trees by the end of 1994.

a. planted b. has planted c. h**e planted d. had planted

7. by the time d**e got up , his mother __breakfast.

a. has cooked b. had cooked c. cooked d. h**e cooked

8. he said that he __never __such a beautiful picture before.

a. has…seen b. had ….seen c. h**e …seen d. was …seeing

9. my sister __for three years before she went to college.

a. had worked b. worked c. has worked d. h**e worked

10. look! theytheir classroom.

a. clean b. are cleaning c. cleaned d. was cleaning

二。 根据对话,用所给动词的适当形式填空:

a: where’s kate

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