动词说来描述主语的动作行为或状态的词。动词，在句子中作谓语是句子不可缺少的部分，用来说明主语是什么、出于什么状态或做什么。英语中的动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现出动作发生的时间、主语发出主动动作还是被动接受动作和说话者的语气，情感等。
一。 动词的种类。
根据不同的分类方式，动词可分为不同的类型。根据动词的句法功能可以将动词分为实意动词，联系动词，助动词和情态动词。
1. 实义动词。
实义动词具有完整意义，可以单独做谓语的动词，主要表示主语的动作，状态和品质。实意动词。也可与助动词相结合，表示更加复杂的动词意义。实义动词主要包括及物动词和不及物动词。
1) 能直接跟宾语的动词称为及物动词。英语中的动词大多数都是及物动词。及物动词可分为跟单宾语的及物动词、跟双宾语的及物动词和跟复合宾语的及物动词等。
a. 跟单宾语的及物动词。
if you want to change the world, you h**e to change yourself first.
in april, the weather in some places in shanxi was really changeable. people still remember they h**e experienced four seasons in a week.
b. 跟双宾语的及物动词。
he g**e me some books yesterday.
a friend let some money to me.
mary bought a dictionary for me as a birthday present.
c. 跟复合宾语的及物动词。
有些动词只跟一个宾语不完整，宾语后必须再加上宾语补足语来补充说明性质，状态等。宾语补足语可以是形容词，名词，不定式，现在分词，过去分词副词或介词等。
our english teacher often makes his story interesting.
we consider him an honest boy.
the doctor advised me to h**e a good rest.
can you hear someone playing the piano next door?
2) 不及物动词。
本身意义完整，后面不需要跟宾语的动词称为不及物动词。
i waited for him for two hours, but he did not appear.
this kind of thing happens all the time.
she only worried about her daughter.
look at the blackboard.
2. 延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1) 延续性动词。
延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为，过程或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用，如“for+一段时间”，“since+从句”，“since+表示时间点的名词”，how long等。
he's waited for two hours.
we h**e been watching tv for the whole evening.
we h**e known each other since five years ago.
2) 非延续性动词。
非延续性动词又叫终止性动词，瞬间动词，表示动词或过程是短暂瞬间完成的。不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
i bought my car last year.
i h**en't come here for three weeks.
3) 非延续性动词与相应的延续性动词转换。
she left the company three hours ago.
she has been away from the company for three hours.
i bought the book five days ago.
i h**e had the book for five days.
he enjoyed the party two years ago.
he has been in the party for two years.
3. 连系动词。
连系动词本身有词义，但是不能单独充当谓语，后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况，性质，特征等情况。
1) 表示状态和状态变化的连系动词。
he always kept silent at meetings.
everyone seemed to be very happy.
2) 表示感官的连系动词。
常用来表示感官的联系动词有look, feel, taste, smell, sound等。
this kind of clothes feel soft.
your words don't sound right.
3) 表示变化或结果的连系动词。
常用来表示变化或结果的连系动词有become, fall, get, go, grow, turn等。
the country is getting richer and richer.
the le**es h**e turned yellow.
4. 助动词。
助动词本身无实意，只能和它后面的动词一起作谓语，用来帮助构成句子时态，语态，否则定句，疑问句和简略回答。
1) be的用法。
be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和时态的变化主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
they asked me what i was doing all afternoon.
a new plan was raised at the meeting.
2) do的用法。
助动词do主要帮助实义动词构成否定句，疑问句。有时可以放在11动词前起强调作用，还可代替前面刚出现的动词，以避免重复。
she doesn’t know my telephone number.
do they know the secret?
i did telephone you last night.
mary sang as well as alice did.
3) h**e的用法。
助动词在句中有人称，数和时态的变化，主要是与过去分词一起构成各种完成时态和完成进行时态。
he has returned from abroad.
as soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
4) will, would, shall, should的用法。
助动词will, shall用于构成一般将来时，would, should用于构成过去将来时。
he will be twenty years old next month.
he said he would come.
he told me that i should succeed in the future.
二。 动词的各种形式。
英语中的动词有五种基本形式，即动词原形，一般现在是第三人称单数，过去式，过去分词和现在分词。规则动词的五种形式如下图所示：
1. 第三人称单数的构成。
she wants to be a teacher when she grows up.
danny goes to school on foot every day.
mary tries her best to learn math well.
2.规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成。
i talked to your manager about an urgent matter yesterday.
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