一、表示时间的介词：
1．at, on, in
(1) at表示“在某一时刻、某一时间点” at 5:30 at sunrise at lunch at noon at night
表示“在……岁”时用at the age of…。
(2) on表示“在具体某一天或某天的上、下午”。如： on monday on april 1st
(3) in表示“在某月、季节、年、世纪”。in september
注意：泛指上、下午、晚上、夜间时用in the morning/afternoon/evening,
但若指具体某一天的上述时段时，则一律用on。如：on the afternoon of may 23
during, through
(1) for表示“一段时间”，多与完成时连用。i’ve been a soldier for 5 years.
(2) during表示“在……期间”what did you do during the summer vacation?
(3) through表示“一直……，自始至终”they worked hard through the winter.
since(1)from “从…”，多用于“from…to/till…”中。you can come anytime from monday to friday.
(2) since表示“自从……以来（直到现在）”he has been away from home since 1973.
from与since的区别：①from“从……（开始）”未必持续到现在，如：from 1995 to 1998.从2023年到1998
年。而since是指“自从……以来一直持续到现在”
since一般只与现在完成时连用，而from不受此限。
for与since的区别：for与时间段连用，而since与时间点连用。如for two hours；since last week
4．before, by, till, until
(1) before指“在……之前”
2) by指“不迟于，到……时为止”we had learned over 1000 words by the end of last term.
3) till (until) “直到……为止”he didn’t come back until twelve o’clock last night.
5．after, in, within
①after表示“在……之后”，是before的反义词。we’ll hold a party after dinner.
they finished the work after two years.
within“在……时间之内”i can finish it within an hour.
③in“在……时间之后” i’ll arrive in an hour.
after与in的区别：
①after后可跟，用于过去时；也可跟时间点，用于将来时。
in后必须跟时间段且只能用于将来时。
二、表示“地点、方向”的介词：
1．in，outside，between, among
①in表示“在……里面”，如：
②outside指“在……外面”
③between在……之间（指二者）there is a hospital between the hotel and the post office.
④among在……之间（指三者以上）he found his place among the crowd.
2．on, above, over, below, under
(1) on在……上面，表面相互接触。there is an apple on the table.
(2) above只表示“在……上方”，与below相对。a plane flew above our heads. the turners live above us.
3) over“在……正上方”，与under相对。there is a bridge over the river.
4) below在……下方，低于……there are many flowers below the window.
(5) under在……正下方what are you wearing under your coat? under a big tree,
3．along, across, through
(1) along沿着 he likes to drive along the river.
(2) across横穿the little girl is afraid to go across the street.
3) through穿过 it took us ten minutes to drive through the tunnel. through the crowd
4．at, in,on
三者都表示“在某个地方”，但at多指较小的地方，如车站、家等；而in多指在“大地方”，如城市、国家、大洲等；on表示在一个平面上，如on the farm.
三、其它用途的介词：
1． 表示“标准或单位”的介词：at, for, by
(1) at表示“以…速度”“以…**”he drove at a speed of 80 miles an hour. at a high price.
2) for用……交换 i bought it for 20 dollars.买它花了我20美元。
at与for都表示**，但at表示“单价”,for表示总价，at后一般跟“price”这个词，而for后只能跟总钱数。i bought it at the price of $80 a pound. i sold it for $10.
(3) by以……计，后跟度量单位gold is sold by the gram. they paid him by the month.
2．表示“材料”的介词：of, from, in
(1) of表示从成品仍可看出原料。this box is made of *****.
(2) from表示从成品已看不出原料。bread is made from wheat
3) in用……材料。与write, speak, talk, answer等连用。please fill in the form in pencil first.
in指材料时，材料前不用冠词。比较：
3．表示“工具或手段”的介词：by, with, on
(1) by凭借“工具或手段（多用于交通工具）如： by bus乘公共汽车，by plane
(2) with用…工具 he broke the window with a stone. with表示“用…工具”时，工具前必须加冠词。
(3) on以……方式。多用于电子设备。they talked on the telephone.
she learns english on the radio/on tv. 4．表示“关于”的介词：of, about, on
(1) of仅指“关于”人或事物的存在，如：he spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。
think of 想到 think about 考虑
2) about指“关于”某人或某事物的较详细的情况。it’s a book for children about africa and its people.
(3) on是指“关于”学术性的或严肃的，供专门研究用的。it’s a textbook on the history of china.
5．表示“原因、理由”的介词：for, at, from, of, with
(1) for表示“一般的理由”常与famous, punish等词连用。 xi’an is famous for its long history.
2) at一般指“情感”的原因，通常放在表示“惊讶或喜悦等感情”的动词或形容词之后，表示“因听到或看到而……”she got angry at his words.
(3) from表示“外在的原因”。如受伤、车祸等。he died from the wound.
4) of表示“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。 he died of cancer. the old man died of hunger.
6．like, as
(1) like像……一样（其实不是） the little tiger looks like a cat.
2) as作为，以……身份（其实是）he was hanged as a spy. he talked to me as a father.
7．against, for
against反对，与for是反义词，如：
are you for my idea or against it? they fought against the enemy.
8．besides, except都表示“除了”。besides的用法就等于as well as。
（1）besides包括后面所提人或物在内，“除之外…还”twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
（2）except不包括后面所提人或物在内，可以理解为“撇开…不谈”。everyone is excited except me.
注： expect for (除去部分与前面叙述内容不属同一范畴)his composition is good except for some spelling mistakes.
用于固定词组中：
cannot help but do不能不…；忍不住… i could not help but cry.
anything but根本不，决不 my income is anything but large.我的收入绝对不能算多。
she is anything but honest. 她决非诚实之辈。
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