专题：介词。
尹会敏。教学目标：
一． 了解介词考察趋势。
二． 了解介词的定义和分类。
三． 学习并且掌握介词的用法和解题技巧。
四． 掌握一些固定的介词短语搭配。
重点：学习并且掌握介词的用法。
难点：介词解题技巧。
教学过程。1. 介词的功能。
介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。
例如：the boy over there is john’s brother. (定语)
the girl will be back in two hours. (状语)
our english teacher is from australia. (表语)
help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)
2. 常用介词的用法辨析。
1）表时间的介词。
1）at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。
表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。
表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on monday, on july 1st, on sunday morning, on a cold morning等。
2）since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
i h**en’t heard from him since last summer.
after five days the boy cameback.
3）in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。
例如：he will be back in two months.
he will arrive after four o’clock.
he returned after a month.
2）表示地点的介词。
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
he arrived in shanghai yesterday.
they arrived at a small village before dark.
there is a big hole in the wall.
the teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2）over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。
on指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
there is a bridge over the river.
we flew above the clouds.
they put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.
3）across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。
例如：the dog ran across the grass.
the boy swam across the river.
they walked through the forest.
i pushed through the crowds.
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
there are some tall trees in front of the building.
the teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
3. 介词的固定搭配。
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
1）介词与动词的搭配。
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
2）介词与名词的搭配。
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
3）介词与形容词的搭配。
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
基础训练。1. you’d better not go __the forest. it’s dangerous.
2. which room are you going to live __
3. the building is __fire. there are some peoplethetop floor.
4. before 1990 there was no airline __the two cities.
5. it’s not good to come late __school.
6. what’s wrong __your bike?
7. thank you very much __coming to see me.
8. i couldn’t finish it __your help.
9. don’t laugh __others’ mistakes.
10. do the twins look __their father?
11. –how do you usually come to school every day?
sometimes __bike, sometimes __foot.
12. it’s very kind __you to help me __my maths.
13. don’t read __the sun. it’s badyour eyes.
14. the teacher told us the moon tr**elsthe earth.
15. you must learn these words __heart, and answer my questions __english.
16. please meet your uncle __noon __saturday.
17. thanks __your help. i finished the work before dark.
18. it’s cold and the temperature iszero during the night.
19. the teacher is writing __red ink __a piece of *****.
20. the children are waiting __the gate __their mother.
中考链接。1. there are two classes __wednesday afternoon.
(99南京) a. at b. in c.
on d. to
2. this programme was sent to the usa __china __satellite. (99辽宁)
a. in; of b. of; in c. from; by d. by; from
3. the visitors __japan arrived __beijing station last tuesday morning.
a. from; at b. of; to c. from; to d. of; on (99江西)
4. here are some presents __you __our best wishes. (99安徽)
a. to; with b. for; with c. of; about d. for; for
5. lily asked her brother, mike, not to be angry __her. (99兰州) a.
in b. to c. with d.
for
6. is everyone here good __dancing? (99昆明)
a. at b. on c. to d. for
7. they arrived __guangzhou __the morning of may 25. (98广州)
a. at; in b. in; in c. in; on d. at; during
8. children are often told not to play __fire. (98上海)
a. on b. for c. with d. under
9. no one can stop her __going away. (98河北)
a. of b. from c. to d. out of
10. the eraser goes __one student __another. (98福州)
a. from; for b. from; till c. from; after d. from; to
11. you’ll get a nice present __your parents __your birthday.
a. from; on b. for; at c. from; in d. of; during
12. let’s wait __her __the corner of the street.
a. on; on b. for; in c. at; at d. for; at
13. look! the two men are __trouble. they are calling __help.
a. with; for b. in; for c. under; at d. into; out
14. the boy filled the bottle __some milk. now it’s full __milk.
a. with; with b. of; with c. with; of d. off; without
15. mother always talks __her friends __the phone __weekend.
a. with; on; at b. to; with; on c. about; on; through d. of; by; at
16. –when did he lend the dictionary __you?
i borrowed it __him the day before yesterday.
a. from; to b. to; by c. to; from d. on; out of
17. uncle wang lives __a farm, but he works __a factory.
a. in; in b. to; in c. in; at d. on; in
18. she came up to me, _a smile __her face.
a. with; in b. like; on c. with; on d. without; at
19. he wanted to ask __some books __music.
a. for; in b. about; of c. for; on d. about; about
20. his school is far __his home, but near __mine.
a. from; to b. from; from c. to; to d. to; from
综合型。1. the bridge __the river is made __big stone.
a. on; from b. over; of c. above; in d. of; into
2. he stayed __his uncle’s __a week.
a. in; for b. with; till c. at; for d. for; about
3. i can’t swim __the river __a piece of wood.
a. across; without b. through; with c. over; on d. in; by
4. the desk __the teacher is __the classroom.
a. of; in front b. to; in front of c. at; before d. for; in the front of
5. john cut the pear __four pieces __a knife.
a. in; by b. into; with c. with; by d. to; in
6. the other day i met a friend __my way to school.
a. of me on b. of my on c. in d. of mine on
7. it’s easy __us to finish the work __time.
a. for; on b. of; in c. for; before d. of; at
8. we, league members, should be strict __ourselves __our work.
a. in; in b. with; with c. with; in d. in; with
9. she asked me to sit __her and help her __chinese.
a. between; at b. beside; with c. before; in d. on; of
10. lin tao answered all the questions __the last one __usual.
a. except; as b. beside; as c. except; on d. but; in
11. jim’s gone __england with his family and he won’t be back __monday.
a. for; on b. to; at c. for; till d. to; until
12. _christmas eve, children all over britain put a stocking___the end of their beds before they go to sleep.
a. at; by b. during; in c. on; at d. in; before
13. is the girl __red __duty today?
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