英语七年级下

发布 2020-04-02 13:36:28 阅读 5499

★ 祈使句的用法。

(1)祈使句的定义及句式特征:

定义:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告或祝愿等的句子。它的特点是通常省略主语you,以动词原形开头,末尾可用句号或感叹号。

祈使句没有疑问句的形式,一般只有肯定和否定两种形式。

go and wash your hands. (表命令)

be quite, please. (please be quiet.)(表请求)

be kind to your sister.(表劝告)

watch your steps.(表警告)

no parking. (表禁止)

(2)肯定形式(动词原形开头)

① 以系动词be开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构:be + 形容词/名词。

be quiet / quick

be a good student!

be careful when crossing the street.

② 以实义动词开头的祈使句,这种祈使句的常用结构为:动词原形+宾语(+其他)。

come in, please!

please open your books!

put them away!

let型(let+宾语+动词原形+其他)

let him do it by himself.

let me help you.

let’s go to the park.

(3)否定形式(一般在动词上否定,也可以用否定副词(never)来表示)

be型(don’t be +其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语))

don’t be careless!

never be late again next time!

【注意】1)在这种句型中,be不能省略。

2)否定副词not不可置于be之后。

do型(don’t +动词原形+其他)

don’t believe him!

don’t worry!

never do it again!

let引起的祈使句有两种否定形式

a. let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他。

let her not do that.

let’s not think about it.

b. don’t+ let+宾语+动词原形+其他。

don’t let jim do that.

don’t let us go, please.

在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“no+名词 / v-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如:

no photos! 禁止拍照! no parking! 禁止停车!

【注意】 1)在表达请求或劝告时,有时为了表示委婉的语气,可以在句首或句末please,但是如果please加在句末,应用逗号将其与前面的部分隔开。

sit down, please.

please look after the twins.

2)在意思比较明显的情况下,可以把谓语动词省略。

this way, please.

3)有时为了加强语气,可以在动词前使用do.

do be careful!

4)有时为了强调对方,也可加上主语you,人名或everybody, anybody等不定代词。

you sweep the floor and i clean the window.

stand up, everybody.

5)有时为了明确向谁提出请求或发出命令,可加称呼语,但称呼语要与句子用逗号隔开。

put the shirt on the bed, jim.

《exercise》

将以下祈使句改为否定式:

1. come here early

2. ask him

3. please wait for her

4. read the book carefully

5. sit under the tree, please

6. let’s go there together

★ 特殊疑问句。

以疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what who whose which when where how why等。特殊疑问句有两种语序:

① 如疑问词作主语或主语的定语,即对主语或主语的定语提问,其语序是陈述句的语序:疑问词(+主语)+谓语动词+其他成分?如:

who is singing in the room﹖

whose bike is broken﹖

② 如疑问词作其他成分,即对其他成分提问,其语序是:疑问词+一般疑问句语序? 如:

what class are you in﹖

what does she look like﹖

where are you from﹖

what time does he get up every morning﹖

【注意】回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes/no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。如:

who is from canada﹖ -helen (is).

where's the restaurant﹖ -near the station.

◆ why引导的特殊疑问句。

1)why意为“为什么”,询问原因,其答语常用because引导。如:

why are you so happy?

because i like this dog.

2)“why don’t you + 动词原形 + 表示向他人提出建议。如:

why don’t you go there to study math?

because i don’t like math,it’s very difficult.

3) why don’t you do ..why not do...意为“为什么不。

对一般疑问句的否定回答进一步询问原因。如:

do you often go to school by bike?

no,i don’t.

why not?(why can’t you finish it in two days?)

例:why __go there by boat?there is no bridge there.

you go you

★ what引导的特殊疑问句。

(1) what + 系动词 + sb / sth?

询问“是什么” ?

what is it / this / that?

询问姓名?what is your name?

询问某人的职业?

what are you? what is he

询问爱好之最?

what is your f**orite fruit?

相当于:which fruit is your like best? i like watermelon best.)

询问**号码。

what is amy’s telephone number? 83162548

询问日期?what is (what’s) the date today?

询问天气情况。

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