第一章:句子的基本成份和结构。
句子从结构上可以分为三种。
句子成分共八种。
定语:状语:
同位语:简单句从结构上可以分为五种:补充:注:
谓语动词的时态不会引起句子结构的变化。
情态动词和助动词不会引起句子结构的变化。
否定不会引起句子结构的变化。
动词的谓语形式:动词原形、三单、一般过去式。
以及助动词的谓语形式(am,is, are,was, were,h**e, has,had)+动词的非谓语形式。
并列句: 简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句 (常见的并列连词: and, but, or, so )
复合句 = 主句 + 从属连词 + 从句
从属连词引起所连接的从句不同可以分为三种。
复合句一: 主句+ 关系词 + 定语从句。
复合句二: 主句+ 连接词 + 名词性从句。
复合句三: 主句 + 引导词 + 状语从句。
主谓一致常考题型。
1. each, either, neither, another, the other
2. many a+单数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。
3. more than one+单数名词作主语,
4. a/an+单数名词+or two
5. 表示时间,**,重量,数目,长度,数**算等的词或短语
6. every a and every b = each a and each b
7. one and a half+复数名词。
8. 动词不定式,动名词、不定代词、句子(主语从句)作主语时,
9. 以—s 结尾的名词(news, means,maths, physics)
10.主语是由“a series of, a kind of,”构成时,the number of +复数名词
11.由both…and…连接两个单数名词作主语时。
variety of, a number of +名词复数,quantities of + 可数\不可数
形容词表示一类人时。
指的是同一个人或物。
a/the+a+and+a/the+b,指两个人或物。
15.集体名词(people,police)作主语。
16.集体名词(family,class,group,team)作主语,①强调个体时,
强调整体时。
17.当主语部分含with,together with,along with,as well as,besides,except,but,like,as时,
eg. 18. or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,
eg. 19.以here,there开关的句子,若主语在两个或两个以上。
20.定语从句中谓语动词的正确使用:
sb. +one of the sth that/who + 谓语用___数形式。
eg.sb + the only one of the sth that/ who + 谓语动词用___数形式。
eg.21.分数或者百分数+ 名词
①名词为可数复数形式。
不可数名词。
population
22.注意:so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。
附:一、倍数表达的三种方式:
倍数 + as+ adj.\ adv. 的原形 + as
eg.倍数+ adj.\adv. 比较级 + than
eg.二、分数的表达: 基数词 + 序数词。
①分子为一时。
分子大于一时。
三、时间的表达: 分钟+ to + 小时。
分钟 + past + 小时。
高考真题练习。
1985-2005 年高考题中的主谓一致。
1. every possible means __to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.
a. is used b. are used c. has been used d. h**e been used (2000上海春)
2. as a result of destroying the forest, a large __of desert __covered the land. (2001上海)
a. number, has b. quantity, has c. number, h**e d. quantity, h**e
3. he is the only one of the students whoa winner of scholarship for three years.
a. is b. are c. h**e been d. has been (2002上海春)
4. -how are the team playing?
-- they’re playing well, but one of them hurt. (02北京春季)
a. got b. gets c. ared. were
5. when and where to go for the on-salary holidayyet. (2003上海春)
a.are not decided b.h**e not been decided c.is not being decided d.has not been decided
6. the teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
a was b were c had been d would be
7. she has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book __50 million. (04福建)
a.h**e reached b.has reached c.are reaching d.had reached
8. all the employees except the manager __to work online at home. (04广东)
a. encourages b. encourage c. is encouraged d. are encouraged
9. no one in the department but tom and i __that the director is going to resign.
a. knows b. know c. h**e known d. am to know (04上海春季)
10. the country life he was used to __greatly since 1992. (05山东卷)
a. changeb. has changed c. changing d. h**e changed
11. professor smith, along with his assistants,__on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (05上。
a. work b. working c. is working d. are working
12. nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _in the clothing industry.
a.is working b.works c.work d.worked
13. nobody but jane __the secret. a. know b. knows c. h**e known d. is known
14. all but one __here just now. a. is b. was c. has been d. were
15. not only i but also jane and mary __tired of h**ing one examination after another. (89)
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