时态:现在现在完成时(二)
在学习这一概念的同时,还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词:already, just, ever, yet, never等。already, just多用于肯定句中,ever, yet, never多用于疑问句和否定句中。
如:ih**ealreadyfinishedmyhomework.
我已经做完家庭作业了。
hehasjusthadhismeal.他刚吃过饭。
h**eyoueversungthisenglishsong?
你曾唱过这首英文歌吗?
theyh**en’tstartedyet. 他们还没有身。
weh**eneverheardofit.
我们从来没有听说过这件事。
1). h**ebeenin,h**ebeento与h**egoneto 的用法。
h**e (has)beenin意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”常与表示一段时间的状语连用。
布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
theyh**ebeenincanadaforfiveyears.他们到加拿大有五年了。
2).h**e (has)beento 意为“曾经去过某地”,表示现在已经不在那里了。可与 just,ever,never 等连用。
如:i’vejustbeentothepostoffice. 我刚才去邮局了。
h**eyoueverbeentohangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
maryhasneverbeentothegreatwall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
3).h**e (has)beento后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。
如:i'vebeentobeijingthreetimes. 我去过北京三次。
theyh**ebeentothatvillageseveraltimes. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
4).h**e (has)goneto意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第。
一、二人称代词作主语。
如: —whereistom?汤姆在**?
—hehasgonetothebookshop. 他到书店去了。例如:
he has gone to hong kong.
他到香港去了。(他已前往香港, 或在途中,
或已到达。说话人暗示他现在不在现场)
he has been to hong kong. 他曾到过香港。
说话人认为他过去到过香港, 现在已不在该地。
言外之意他对香港有所了解)
for 和 since 在现在完成时中的应用。
for与since都能与现在完成时连用,但区别较大:
1)for后须接“时间段”
he has studied english for five years. 他学英语5年了。
2)since后须接“时间点” he has studied english since 1999.
他从2023年开始学英语。
3)二者可以转换
for + 一段时间 = since + 一段时间 + ago
he has been here for five weeks.
he has been here since five weeks ago.
他到这儿已经有五个星期了。
4) since能引导时间状语从句(主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时),而for则不能。如:
he has taught here since he came to china.
自从他来到中国就在这儿教书。
we h**e been friends since we met in school.
我们从在学校见面起就成为了好朋友。
5)现在完成时常用句型:
it is (has been) +时间段+ since +时间状语或从句。
it is four days since last friday.
从上周五到现在已经四天了。
it has been two years since jim came to beijing.
吉姆来北京已经两年了。
this is the first (second…) time that + 从句。
句型中的that从句通常使用现在完成时。如:
this is the first time that jenny and danny h**e been to china.
这是珍妮和丹妮第一次来屮国。
this is the third time that i h**e seen karen.这是我第三次见到karen。
6)均须与延续性动词连用,也可以与非延续性动词的否定式连用。如:
i h**e bought this computer since four years ago. (
i h**e had this computer since four years ago. (
i h**en’t bought anything for two months.(√
i h**en't heard from him for 3 weeks. (
非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。
le**e — be away borrow — keep buy — h**ebegin/start — be ondie — be deadfinish --be over
open sth — keep sth openfall ill — be illget up—be up
come here — be herejoin — be on +组织机构 /be a member 组织机构,go there — be therebecome — become back—be back, fall asleep — be asleepget to/ arrive/reach — be (in),
le**e — be away fromget to know — know,
go (get) out —tie output on—wear,
catch a cold —h**e a cold, get married—be married 等。
7)二者引出的时间状语往往用 how long提问。
how long h**e you had this book?这本书你买多久了?
for a week./since a week ago. 买一周了。
单项选择。1. —jackie chan has donated __dollars to charity.
he is an example to us all.
a. thousandb. thousands
c. thousand ofd. thousands of
2. -can you give me some information about vacation trips?
- why notgoing to hainan island?
a. consider b. mind c. keep d. think
3. -did you go to kenli during the peach blossom festival (桃花节)?
-yes. the flowers were beautiful. bees were flying them.
a. in b. among c. between d. through
4. nowadays millions of chinese le**e the countryside to___for the work in cities.
a. looked b. search c. find d. see
5. mr. jack __china for several years.
a. has been tob. has come to
c. has been ind. came to
8)用所给单词的适当形式填空。
junk food is bad for usespecial) for children.
i considerbuy) the new toy for my brother.
iread) the book twice. it’s very interesting.
we plantmillion) of trees every year.
1. how long 多久,多长时间 2. h**e a yard sale 举行庭院拍卖会。
3. give away 捐赠;赠送 4. not … any more 不再……
5. welcome to … 欢迎到…… 6. a bit 一点儿,稍微。
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