例a:i shall not come if it rains tomorrow.
如明天下雨我就不来。)
例b:my brother will le**e for the united states next week.(我的哥哥下星期要到美国去。)
解说从句式我们可以了解一般将来时的表达须借助于助动词“shall/will”。关于“shall/will”的用法,各文法学家的理论不很一致。更重要的是英国人和美国人对“shall/will”的用法规则并不很一致,也不很严谨,下面提供五个规则,说或写都尽量使用“i'll, you'll, he'll , she'll , it'll, we'll , they'll …”的简缩形(如例)
要表达主语的“意志”,通常都用“will”(文法上称为意志将来。)
例a:i won't see him again.(我不愿意再和他见面。)
例b:who will go and help that poor old man?(谁愿意去帮助那个可怜的老人?)
mary will . 玛莉愿意。)
第一人称问句使用“shall”。
例a:shall i call you a taxi ?(需要我替你叫一辆出租车吗?)
例b:shall we tell her the truth ?(我们可以把实情告诉她吗?)
其他人称通常用will,如:will you please pass me the book?
he will go to japan next month.
但如果说话者要把自己的“意志”表达或行使出去,通常用“shall”。
例a:you shall not do that again.(你不可以再做那样的事。)
例b:he shall return that book tomorrow.(明天他必须把那本书归还。)
问句是“shall…?”答句就用“shall ~”问句用“will …?答句就用“will ~
例a:shall you go to school tomorrow ?(你明天须要上学去吗?)
yes, i shall . we'll h**e an exam .(是的,我必须去。我们明天有考试。)
例b:will you go to school with me tomorrow?(明天你要不要和我一道去学校?)
no, i won't . i'm going on a picnic.(我不要。我已定好要去郊游。)
注:let's …”的附加疑问(反意疑问)通常使用“…,shall we ?”
let's h**e a rest, shall we?(我们休息一下,怎样?)
一般将来时除了使用“shall/will + v…”以外,也可以使用下列的几种句式来表达。
1.be going to + v … 即将会……;打算将……)
例a:it is going to rain. take an umbrella with you.
带一把伞去。看样子就要下雨了。)
例b:the browns are going to move to australia.
布朗先生全家打算迁移到澳大利亚去。)
2.be about to + v (即将……,指紧接着要发生的动作。)
例:let's wait a minute. he is about to arrive.(我们等一下。他即将到达。)
3.be + v-ing …(定于……,指接近的将来动作。)
例:he is le**ing for hong kong tomorrow morning.(他定于明天早晨到香港去。)
4.be + to +v (定于……,指预定的将来动作。)
例:she is to be here at 9:00 tomorrow.(她定于明晨九时到达这里。)
常用于修饰一般将来时的时间副词有:tomorrow, tomorrow morning (afternoon, evening), next + 时间 (next night, next monday …,next week, month…, next summer…, next year), in (the) future (将来),soon (不久之后),in +时间 (in five days——再过五天,in two weeks——再过二星期),etc.
☆☆[一般将来时] 简述
结构:will/shall+ 动词原形。
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。
will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。
which paragraph shall i read first.
will you be at home at seven this evening?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。
what are you going to do tomorrow?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。
the play is going to be produced next month。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。
look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。
we are to discuss the report next saturday.
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。
he is about to le**e for beijing.
注意:be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
☆☆巩固练习:
.请在下列各题空格处填入shall或will。
1.you __not drive through a red light.
2.i __do everything for her.
3.__you help me with this he**y bag, john?
4.__i help you with that he**y bag, madam?
5.let's go and take a walk after dinner, _we?
6."no one __le**e the classroom if i h**en't said okay," said the teacher.
7.it __soon be over, i am sure.
8.do what youbut don't go out.
9.i __take you there with me, if it's ok with your mother.
10.rain or shine, i __come.
.请在下列各题空格处就所设动词给予适当的将来时。
1.a:how do you want to go to hualain, by air or by train?
b:i am not in a hurry this time, so i 1(take) the train.
2.a2(you like) to go to the game this afternoon?
b:i'd love to. where 3(we meet) ?
a:you just stay home and wait for me. i4(drive) my car there, so i 5(pick) you up at about 1:
30 .
3.a:it's a good dictionary . i 6(buy) it, but i don't h**e money with me now.
b:don't worry. i7(lend) you.
4.a:i hear miss chen 8( le**e)our school and teach in a bigger school in ****ei.
b:but the principal (校长9 (not let) her go . he says she10(teach) at least for another semester until he finds a new teacher.
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