沪教牛津版八年级下unit 3 讲解及练习。
沪教牛津版八年级下unit 3 讲解及练习。
基础知识：短语。
kind of...一种 cutting 剪纸。
to到达（某数量、程度等）；至多有 off 出发、动身。
拴。在。的周围 piece of一片、一条。
and down起伏、上下波动 the front of 在。的前面。
把。扔进 dark天黑后、黄昏后。
more 不再、再也不 up 抬头看、查询。
up 抚养、养育、教养 of 数百万。
用。做成 the time一直。
把。变成 on 上演。
out 剪成 made of 由。做成。
the shape of 以。的形状 to 靠近。
one’s attention得到某人的关注 up张贴、挂。
句型。to do sth过去常常做某事 sth to do sth 用。去做某事。
good at doing sth擅长做某事 ready for sth 为。做好准备。
sb/sth adj 使某人/某物。
used to do sth 被用来做某事。
used to doing sth 习惯于做某事。
sb/sth adj 使某人/某物。
原级+as 和。一样。
语法：被动语态。
nets are required for this type of fishing.这种捕鱼方式不需要网。
fishing was once pratised in lots of places in south-east china...
曾经中国东南部很多地方从事鸬鹚捕鱼业。
music show will be held in the school hall at on tuesday, 4 may.
5月4日星期二下午4点，将在学校大厅举行**表演。
说明：句1是一般现在时的被动语态，句2是一般过去时的被动语态，句3是一般将来时的被动语态。
英语的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1.基本构成。
be+过去分词。
football is played all over the world. 足球风靡世界。
is it made of bamboo? 它是用竹子做的吗？
2.基本变法。
主动语态。谓语其余部分。
被动语态。主语谓语宾语其余部分。
宾语提前做主语，主语变为介词by的宾语，谓语变为be+过去分词，时态根据主动语态来确定。
3.省去by的几个条件。
1)不知道、没必要或不想说出动作的执行者。
rice is grown well there.
2)强调说明动作的承受者。
i was sent to teach them english.
3)汉语中有“据说、大家说”等。
it is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house.
4.各种时态的被动语态。
1)一般现在时的被动语态。
am/is/are+过去分词。
i am often given gifts by tom.
the things on show are all made in china.
is the room cleaned everyday?
2)一般过去时的被动语态。
was/were+过去分词。
jim was asked to go there.
the visitors were stopped from le**ing the top of the mountain by the he**y snow.
3)一般将来时的被动语态。
will be+过去分词或者am/is/are+过去分词。
lots of trees will be planted on the hill next year.
the children won’t be allowed to go out at night.
is the bridge going to be built by the workers next year?
5.特殊情况：复合宾语的被动语态。
感官动词和使役动词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时必须加上to. 主动：the boss made her work for 10 hours a day.
被动：she was made to work for 10 hours a day.
词组：一，be made of 用……制成（物理变化，看得出原材料） 例如：be made of wood 由……制成。
be made from 由……制成（化学变化，看不出原材料） 例如：the wine is made from grapes. 酒是用葡萄酿造的。
be made by 由（人）制成例如： the table was made by the carpenter. 这张桌子是木匠做的。
be made into 被制成例如：the wood was made into desks. 木头被制成了课桌。
be made up of 由……组成例如：our class is made up of 45 students. 我们班由45名学生组成。
二，be used to do的意思是被用来做某事；
be used to doing的意思是习惯于做某事。 to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。
a pair of scissor is used to cut *****.
tom is used to taking a walk.(现在习惯于散步)
mother used not to be so forgetful.
tom used to take a walk.(过去常常散步)
练习：1.--didn’t you see the sigh “no parking!” on the right?
--sorry, i didn’t. but now i know parking __here.
allowed allowed allow allow
___to the party. she had a wonderful time with us.
invited invited invited
3.--a new park __in our hometown next year.
---really? our hometown must be more beautiful.
build be built built
4.--excuse me, i’m looking for be the best of yourself.
---sorry. the book you ask for is __out.
selling out sold selling be sold
5. each year quite a lot of food __around the world. it’s really time for us to do something.
wasted wasted be wasted
___along the road last year.
planted planted
7. it is said a new museum __in our city next year.
building be built built
8.--does she like singing english songs?
--yes, she___to sing english songs in her room.
does often heard hears heard
练习：一、根据提示完成单词。
1. what does your mother look like? can you d___her?
2. tom often takes exercise, so he is very f___
3. you need a pair of s___to make ***** cuttings.
4. the flight will r___beijing at 9:00. let’s pick her up at the airport.
5. my grandfather is a f___he makes a living by fishing.
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