unit1 how do you study for a test?
你怎样为考试而学习？
1. by + doing 通过……方式如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示："在…旁","靠近","在…期间"、"用，""经过","乘车"等。
如：i live by the riveri h**e to go back by ten o'clock.
the thief entered the room by the window.
the student went to park by bus.
2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论
如：the students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. =talk with sb. 与某人说话。
3. 提建议的句子：
what/ how about +doing sth.? 如：what/ how about going shopping?
why don't you + do sth.? 如：why don't you go shopping?
why not + do sth. ?如：why not go shopping?
let's + do sth如： let's go shopping
shall we/ i + do sth.? 如：shall we/ i go shopping?
4. a lot 许多常用于句末如：i eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能常用的句型 too+adj./adv.(for sb) +to do sth.= not…enough…
如：i'm too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
aloud是副词，重点在出声能让人听见，但声音不一定很大，常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级。
形式。如： he read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时，常与speak, talk,laugh等动词连用，多用于比较级，须放在动词之后。如：
she told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
loudly是副词，与loud同义，有时两者可替换使用，但往往。
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思，可位于动词之前或之后。
如： he does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不根本不如：
i like milk very much. i don't like coffee at all.
我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾。
8. be / get excited about sth.==be / get excited about doing sth.
be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋如：
i am / get excited about going to beijing.==
i am excited to go to beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ①end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事如：
the party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
end up with sth. 以…结束如：
the party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
10. first of all 首先。 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随。
11. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间（主语后，谓语前）i also like english.
either 也（用于否定句）常在句末，前面常有逗号。i don’t like music, either.
too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末前面常有逗号。my mother likes art, too.
12. make mistakes 犯错如：i often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误如：i h**e made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。
13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：don't laugh at me!不要取笑我！
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录。
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… she enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。
enjoy oneself 过得愉快如：he enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
16. native speaker 说本族语的人。
17. make up 组成、构成。
18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一。
如： she is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
19. it's +形容词+(for sb. )to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：it's difficult (for me ) to study english. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。
句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study english
20. practice doing 练习做某事如：
she often practice speaking english. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事如：
lilei has decided to go to beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 假如不，除非引导条件状语从句。
如：you will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
i won't write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写。
23. deal with 处理如：i dealt with a lot of problem.
24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事。
如：mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气如：i was angry with her. 我对她生气。
26. perhaps ==maybe 也许。
27. go by (时间) 过去如： two years went by. 两年过去了。
28. see sb. /sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事强调正在发生。
see sb. /sth. do 看见某人在做某事如：
如： she saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此。
30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：
the boys regarded anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
31. too many 许多修饰可数名词如：too many girls
too much 许多修饰不可数名词如：too much milk
much too 太修饰形容词如：much too beautiful
32. change… into… 将…变为…
如：the magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. =with one's help 在某人的帮助下。
如：with the help of lilei ==with lilei's help 在李雷的帮助下。
34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
如：compare you to anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。
35. instead 代替用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来）
instead of sth. /doing sth. 代替，而不是。 用在句中，动词。
如：last summer i went to beijing. this year i'm going to shanghai instead.
去年夏天我去北京， 今年我将要去上海。i will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
he stayed at home instead of going swimming. 他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
36frustrated a.灰心的，沮丧的 (修饰人)
i felt frustrated at that time. 那时我觉得很沮丧。
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