一、概念：由一个引导词引导的一个从句修饰前面的先行词（名词或代词）或指代前面整个句子的内容，即为定语从句。
二、 引导词的种类：关系代词和关系副词。
1. 关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，whose
作定语（=the +名词 +of+ whom或the+名词+of +which）。代人的有：who,whom, that；代物的有：that,which. 例如：
the man who helped you is mr white.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
that is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略)
im not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
2. 关系副词：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：would you suggest a time(when) we can h**e a talk?(when可省略)
the house where they live is not very large.
this is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1. 限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；
2. 非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
例：he tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系)
he is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝as is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容)
四、常见考点。
1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词。
2. that 与which 的区别。
3.介词+关系代词。
与which的区别（在非限定性定从中）
5. as 与 that的区别（在限定性定从中）
6.指人时that 与who的区别。
7.定语从句与易混句型（并列句，同位语从句，强调句型）
1.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词。
基本方法：(1)找先行词(2)将先行词放在定从中，补充完整。(3)用关系词代替先行词，并将其提到定语从句的句首。
易错点：i will never forget the day when i first went to school.
i will never forget the day (that/ which) we spent in beijing.
the house (that/which) we visited is being repaired now.
the house where luxun once lived is being repaired now.
1. is this factory __we visited last week?
2. is this the factory __we visited last week?
a、where b、thatc、to whichd、the one
解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。正解：
2. that 与which 的区别：
只用that的情况：
1)先行词为all, little, the one, much, everything, nothing, no, something, anything等不定代词。
2)先行词被all, the only , the very, the just, any, every, no 等修饰时。
3)先行词是序数词或最高级或有序数词形容词最高级修饰时。(如the best, the last, the first)
4)当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
练习：1. he talked happily about the men and books___interested him greatly in the school.
a. which b. thatc. itd. whom
2. this is the best film __i h**e seen.
a. that b. which c. whered. in that
3. is oxygen the only gas __helps fire burn?
a. that bc. which d. it
4. which is the book __belongs to tom?
b. which c. who d. that
只用which不用that的情况：
1)非限制性定语从句 (2)介词后面。
练习：1. his dog,__was now old, became ill and died.
a. which b that c thisd. it
2. the day on___he was born was dec. 20,1990.
a. when b. that c. which d. this
3.介词+ 关系代词。
提醒： 介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句， 关键是判断介词的选择。
方法： 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配。
1)先行词为人，关系代词用介词+whom; 先行词为物， 用介词+which;介词+关系词可共同提前，也可只提关系词，介词放定语从句后。
2)固定的动词短语，介词不能提前。
is this the book which/thathe is looking for?
3)关系代词和关系副词有时可转换：
where, when, why = 介词 + which
4)先行词是the way作状语译为“方式’ 时，关系代词用that\in which或省略。
i don’t like the way that/in which/不填you laughed at her.
练习：（2011江西卷）34. she showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __had taken more than three years.
a. for which b. with whichc. of whichd. to which
2. in the dark street,there wasn’t a single person __she could turn for help.
whom whom whom
4. as与which引导的非限定性定从定语从句中的区别：
1) which, as代替整个句子；which不能放句首，as既可以放句首，也可放句中；
2)which译为“这一点”，as译为“正如”，常与see, say, know, mention ,expect 搭配如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as you can see
练习：用as, which 选词填空。
1. _we know, taiwan belongs to china.
2. he passed the game,__made us happy.
3. he passed the exam,__was expected.
5. as与that引导的限定性定语从句的区别：
当先行词前有as, so, such, the same修饰时，关系代词常用as。表示“像…一样”
1)this is such an easy question as i can answer.
定语从句---这是一个我能回答的简单问题。
2)this is such an easy question that i can answer.
状语从句—这个问题如此简单以致我能回答。
this is the same pen __i lost yesterday.
a. as b. that one d. a&b
选d比较：
..the same pen as i lost.
表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是。
.. the same pen that i lost.
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .
6. that 与who的区别：
在anyone, those, he/she/i / they作先行词时， 用”who” 代替 “that”.
those who break the law are punished.
he who breaks the law is punished.
7. 易混句型。
1)定语从句与并列句。
a. i saw some trees, and the le**es of __were black with disease.
b. i saw some trees, the le**es of __were black with disease.
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