必修一 unit1重点句型及语法。
1、mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.(p3)
考点: with复合结构:
with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. /adv. /prep. phrases
由“介词with+宾语+宾语补足语” 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语,表示背景情况,为方式,原因或条件等,另外,该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况:
1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的,构成主谓关系,该分词用现在分词形式。
2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系,该分词用过去分词形式。
3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语,形容词或副词来充当。
简化。+ 宾语 + 副词,如:
the square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (=while all the lights are on).
with his parents away (=as his parents are away), tom becomes more naughty.
+ 宾语 + 介词短语,如:
the teacher came in with a book in his hand (=while a book was in his hand).
the girl looked up with tears in her eyes (=while tears were in her eyes).
+ 宾语 + 现在分词,如:
with summer corning (=as summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
with the teacher standing beside (=as the teacher was standing beside),she felt a bit uneasy.
+ 宾语 + 过去分词,如:
with the work done (=as the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
with his hair cut (=as his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
+ 宾语 + 不定式,如:
with her to go with us (=as she will go with us), we're sure to h**e a pleasant journey.
with mr smith to teach them english next term(= as mr smith will teach them english) ,they will be greatly improved in spoken english.
练习题。单选。
1. with nothing __to burn the fire became weak and finally died out.
a. le**ingb. leftc. le**ed. to le**e
2. the girl sat there quite silent and still with her eyes __on the wall.
a. fixingb. fixedc. to be fixingd. to be fixed
3. i live in the house with its doorto the south.
a. facingb. facesc. facedd. being faced
4. they pretended to be working hard all night with their lights___
a. burnb. burntc. burningd. to burn
完成句子。1icouldn'tgotoseethedoctor.(do)
有太多的工作要做,我不能去看医生。
2. shesatbend)
她低头坐在那里。
3. thedaywasbrightblow)
天气晴朗,微风拂面。
4hewenttohollywood.(dream)
因为心存梦想,他去了好莱坞。
keys:1)withalotofworktodo
2)withherheadbent
3)withafreshbreezeblowing
4)withadreaminhear
2. i don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … p2-12)
解释] as引导的从句为比较状语从句,意为“像大多数人那么做”。
语法点:as 用作连词,可引导下列状语从句:
1). 引导状语从句,强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性。
as he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大,他失去了对所有事物的兴趣,除了园艺。
2). 引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管,虽然,即使”(从句需倒装)
cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷,我哥只穿了一件衬衫。
3). 引导方式状语从句,表示“以……方式”。
why didn’t you take the medicine as i told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药?
4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because),“由于,因为”。
as you were not there, i left a message. 因为当时你不在那,所以我给你留了便条。
5) 引导比较状语从句。
she is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。
练习。1l get more interested in science.(get)
随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣。
as l get older
2you'd better put on your raincoat.(rain)
由于雨下得很大,你最好穿上雨衣。
as it is raining hard
3he failed in the exam. (hard)
他学习很努力,但考试还是没及格。
hard as he worked
3. it is/was the…time that… …第几次……
解释] that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。
it is the first time that he has heard this song.
练习] 中译英。
1that he has come to china.(time)
这是他第二次来中国。
key: it is the second time
2that i had held an art exhibition.(time)
这是我第一次举办画展。
语法专项:直接引语与间接引语的转化。
原句: i don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … p2-12)
直接引语变间接引语语法讲解。
一、人称。人称变化可以遵循如下顺口溜“一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化,如:
shesaid.“mybrotherwantstogowithme.”
shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithher.
二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称,或被第二人“你”所修饰,从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语,也可以用第一人称,如:
hesaidtokate,"howisyoursisternow?"
heaskedkatehowhersisterwasthen.
第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化,如:
二、时态。直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。其基本法则和我们刚刚学过的宾语从句的时态变化一致,也就是说从句时态要和主句时态一致。
如果从句是过去时,主句要向后退一格时态,变成一种过去时。
现在完成过去完成)
一般现在一般过去)
shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend.(一般将来→过去将来)
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
直接引语是客观真理。如:
”,theteachertoldme.
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