ⅰ.题型介绍。
所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子a,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察),在第二个句子b的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。
.题型分类。
从形式上看,有如下几种形式:①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。
从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。
即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
.具体分类如下。
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换。
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few,never, hardly等,例如::
a:tom does well in maths.
b:tom doesn't do in maths.
a:he has much to do.
b:he has nothing to do.
a:all of my classmates like art.
b:none of my classmates likes art.
2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
a:my brother often has breakfast at school.
b:does your brother often h**e breakfast at school?
a:tom's already weak in english.
b:tom's already weak in english, isn't he ?
a:the red light changes every two minutes.
b:how often does the red light change?
3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
a:this is an interesting book.
b:what an interesting book this is!
或how interesting this book is!
二、同义句转换。
根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:
1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。
常见的同义词或词组有:(1)四个“花费”(spend-take-cost-take);(2)三个“到达”(get to-reach-arrive in/at);(3)四个“收到…来信”(hear from-get a letter from-receive a letter from-h**e a letter from);(4)两个“擅长于…”(be good at-do well in);(5)两个“有空”(be free-h**e time);(6)三个“入睡”(go to sleep-get to sleep-fall asleep);(7)两个“玩得开心”(enjoy oneself-h**e a good time);(8)“给…打**”(call sb-telephonesb-ring sb. a call-makea telephone to sb.
)(9)“飞往…”(fly to…-goto…by air/plane)(10)“自学”(teach oneself-learn…by oneself)(11)在…方面帮助help…with…-help… (to)do…(12)在…差be weak in…-do badlyin…(13)能/会…can-be able to(14)更喜欢…like…better than…-prefer…to…(15)充满了…be full of…-be filled with…(16)放弃干…give updoing…-stop doing…(17)不再… no longer-not …any longer(18)照顾/保管。
take care of…-look after(19)展览on show-on display(20)阻止…干…stop…from doing-keep/prevent…from doing…(21)由于thanks to-because of…(22)举手hands up-put up one's hands(23)最后,终于at last-inthe end(24)与…不同。
be different from…-be not the same as…(25)从…借入… borrow…from…-lend…to…(26)乘公汽/火车/的士。
go to…bybus/train/taxi-take a bus /train/taxi to…(27)乘自行车去… go to…bybike-ride a bike to…(28)为…感到自豪。
be proud of…-be the pride of…(29)步行去… walk to…-go to…on foot (30)独自地by oneself -alone等。例如:
a:the children had a good time in the park.
b:the children enjoyed themselves in the park.
2、同义句型之间的转化。常见的同义句型有①it seems that 从句→somebody seems(to be)+adj/n ②it's kind of sb. to do…→somebody iskind to do… ③what does…mean?
→what do you mean by…? 或what's themeaning of…?④there is something wrong with…→something is wrongwith… ⑤not…until…与when/after/before引导的时间状语从句的转换。
what's wrong with…?→what's the matter with…? howis…?
→what's…like…?⑧how do you like…?→what do you think of?
⑧it'stime that…→it's time for sb. to do…⑨it's said that…→people saythat…⑩can i help you? →what can i do for you?
例如:a:i went to bed after i finished my homework.
b:i didn't go to bed until i finished my homework.
3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如:
a:if it doesn't rain tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
b:unless it rains tomorrow, they'll go to the park.
a:if you don't hurry, you'll be late.
b:hurry up, or you'll be late.
a:fish can't live if there is no water.
b:fish can't live without water.
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