非谓语动词。
一）作主语动名词表一般， 不定式表特定五）作状语分词常表时间、原因和伴随，二）作宾语到底谁来作宾语， 谓语动词来决定不定式可表目的和结果。
三）作表语不定式表将来， 动名词表说明六）作补语现在分词表示主动动作在进行，现在分词表示主语的性质与特征过去分词表示被动动作已完成，过去分词表示主语处于某种状态中不定式则表示该项动作全过程。
四）作定语不定式表将来，动名词表作用，现在分词表示主动动作在进行，过去分词则表被动，动作已完成。
[内容讲解]
一、基本形式。
1．不定式的基本形式。
否定式： "not to do ".the patient was warned __oily food after the to eat not b.
eating not c. not to eat d. not eating
被动式： "to be done ".little jim should love __to the theatre this to be taken b.
to take c. being taken d. taking
进行式： "to be done". when his father came in, he pretended to be reading.
完成式："to h**e done". he seems to h**e known the truth.
完成被动式："to h**e been done". do let your mother know she appears to h**e been told all the truth.
2．v-ing形式的基本形式。
一般式： "doing "：分词主动动作，与谓语动词同时发生，或同时存在的状态。如：
被动式： being done，被动进行：being left alone at home, tom felt very unhappy.
完成式："h**ing done"： 主动完成。
h**ing seen the film already, i refused his invitation to go to the cinema.
完成被动式"h**ing been done"表示完成被动：
h**ing been showed many times, he still didn't understand the operation of the machine.
否定式为"not + v-ing"not h**ing received a replay, he decided to write again.
3．过去分词无形式变化。"done结构"：分词与句子主语间是被动关系，表示完成被动。如：
注意：并不一定每个及物动词的过去分词都表"完成"和"被动"两种含义，有时可能只有其中一种含义。
your written exercises should be turned in before friday. (written只表被动).
a larger number of cars were stopped in the crowded street. (crowded只表示完成).
一）作主语。 能够作主语的是不定式和动名词。
动名词作主语表示比较抽象的一般性的行为，而不定式作主语则表示具体、特定或将来的动作。比较：
learning a language well is not easyit is difficult to learn english．
1. 不定式用it做形式主语特殊句式： it be + 形容词 （of /for sb） +to do sth.
形容词说明人时，用of，常用形容词有：clever，wise，foolish， stupid，silly，kind，nice，careless，selfish，unselfish等。如果形容词说明事物特征，如：
comfortable, difficult, easy, interesting, impossible等，用for.
2. 动名词用it 作形式主语特殊句式 : it +be + no use，useless , no good，a waste of money （time）+doing 。
it’s no use regretting what you h**e done. it’s a waste of time arguing about it. /it is no good spending too much on smoking.
3. 主谓一致单个的不定式和动名词作主语，谓语动词用单三形式， 否则用复数。
reading many good books is useful to you. /to do so many things at once is impossible.
it’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. h**ing the answers ready will be of great help.(2005北京卷)
eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. it's no use __with him.(2006上海卷)
a. to argue b. arguing c. argued d. h**ing argued
二）作宾语。是用动名词作宾语或是用不定式作宾语通常由谓语动词来决定。如：
1）动词：suggest，enjoy，mind，finish，practise，advise，risk，**oid，miss，excuse，delay，consider，escape，insist on，put off，等等，后面只能用动名词作宾语。如：
would you mind opening the windowyou should practise reading and speaking english more．
]喜欢欣赏冒险想象， 可以考虑；逃避练习推迟完成， 不可原谅； 避免错过建议，切忌（介意）！
enjoy appreciate imagine risk consider，escape practise delay，put off, finish , mind，suggest ，**oid miss ， excuse
2）动词want，refuse ,promise, offer ,,wish，hope，expect，manage，pretend ，agree, decide ,determine, learn，，，等后只能用不定式作宾语。
he refused to accept my invitation． they pretended to be working very hard．, t': span', c想要拒绝答应提出的希望， 先设法假装同意决心学习，。
1）she hopes___something from the sale．a．to get b．she is getting c．getting d．she would be getting
2）—“how did james bornd escape from the locked confine（牢房）？—oh，you know he always manages___a tight situation．”
a．to get out of b．getting out of c．to h**e got him out of d．is getting
3） 有些动词，如love，like，hate，prefer，intend，begin，start，continue，后面接动名词或不定式意思差别不大，常可换用。like, love, prefer, hate 等与would, should 连用时用不定式。如：
do you like playing（to play）chess？
4） 有些动词，如remember，forget，regret，stop，try，mean，go on 等，后接动名词或不定式，意思差别很大。 如：
5) require (need, want) +doing = require(need, want)+to be done
my watch needs repairing= my watch needs to be repaired. the houses need rebuilding= the houses need to be rebuilt.
高考链接] when asked by the police, he said that he remembered __at the party, but not __2005北京卷)
arrive; le**ing b. to arrive; to le**e c. arriving; le**ing d. arriving; to le**e
after he became conscious,he remembered___and___on the head with a rod.(2006江西卷)
attack;hit be attacked;to be hit c. attacking;be hit been attacked;hit
if you think that treating a woman well means always___her permission for things,think again.(06湖南)
get i can't stand __with jane in the same office. she just refuses___talking while she works. (2006北京卷)
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