一、 非谓语动词的形式：
1、 动词不定式 ：to do
2、 动词v-ing 形式：doing
a. 动名词：as a noun
b. 现在分词：as adj. or adv.
3、 动词过去分词： v-ed
二、使用条件： 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（已有谓语动词），有没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。
1、tom returned from the manager’s office, telling me that the boss wanted to see me at once.
2. the man talking with my father is mr. wang.
3. to live is to struggle.
4. learning english is not easy.
multiple choices:
1many times, but she still couldn’t understand it.
2many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
a. h**ing been told b. being told
c. he had been told d. though he was told
3. it __a hot day, we’d better go swimming.
4. _a rainy day; we decided not to go there.
a. is b. to be c. being d. it being e. it was f. been
三、 非谓语动词的句法作用。
exercises:
区分以下的非谓语动词形式；
1. running is good for our health.
2. i saw him drawing in the classroom.
3. i went to see my grandfather last night.
4. she can’t help laughing.
四、 非谓语动词的解题技巧：
下面从两个方面来复习非谓语动词：
一） 、七大原则。
原则一：用作目的状语，一般用动词不定式：to do
原则二：用作伴随状语，一般用现在分词： doing
原则三：原作结果状语，可用to do \doing
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上用过去分词。
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与主句主语相一致。
原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，原则上用完成式。
原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：to do 表示动作尚未完成；v-ing 表示动作正在进行；v-ed 表示动作已经完成，同时表示被动意义。
一、excises:
1. when asked why he went there, he said he was sent there __for a space flight.
a. training b. being trained c. to h**e trained d. to be trained
2. _this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugars and 175g flour.
a. h**ing made b. make c. to make d. ******
3. as the light turned green, i stood for a moment, not __and asked myself what i was going to do.
a. moved b. moving c. to move d. being moved
4. he sat __to her __the stairs.
a. to listen; to climb b. listening; to climb
c. listening; climb d. listen; climb
二、注意要点：
1). 动词不定式与现在分词作状语的区别：
动词不定式作目的，比谓语动词动作后发生，且前不能用逗号。现在分词作伴随，与谓语动词的动作同时发生，且前常带逗号。
ex:1. write to the director, hoping that the editor would be able to help her.
2. to keep warm, we shut all the windows.
2). v-ing 作结果状语时，表示一定的逻辑关系，结果在意料之中；to do 表示非逻辑的结果，在意料之外。
ex:1. the glass doors h**e taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance, _in the natural light during the day.
a. to let b. letting c. let d. h**ing let
2. oil prices h**e risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record us＄57.65 a barell on april 4.
a. h**e reached b. reaching c. to reach d. to be reached
3. he hurried to the station , only __that the train had left.
a. to find b. finding c. found d. to h**e found
3)、 v-ed 表示被动意义，已经完成；to do 表示尚未发生；v-ing 表示正在进行。
ex:1. the children talked so loudly at dinner bable that i had to struggle___
a. to be heard b. to h**e heard c. hearing d. being heard
2. at the beginning of the class , the noise of desks __could be heard outside the classroom.
a. opened and closed b. to be opened and closed
c. being opened and closed d. to open and close
4）、非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与主句主语相一致。
with a bill of $10,000
a. john has taken an extra job
b. the boss h**e given john an extra job
c. an extra job has been taken
d. an extra job has been given to john
2. while watching tv
a. the door bell rang b. the doorbell rings
c. we heard the doorbell ring d. we heard the doorbell rings
5). 强调动作发生在主句谓语动词之前时，原则上用完成式。
1. the managerit clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
a. who has made b. h**ing made
c. maded. ******
2. -li ming is said __abroad. do you know what country he studies in?
---yes, in london.
a. to h**e studied b. to study
c. to be studying d. to h**e been studying
6). 用于名词后作定语时，原则是：to do 表示动作尚未完成；v-ing 表示动作正在进行；v-ed 表示动作已经完成，同时表示被动意义。
1. there will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting __the day after tomorrow.
a. hold b. holding c. held d. to be held
2. there are hundreds of tr**elers __in front of the art gallery to h**e a look at van gogh’s paintings.
a．waited b. to wait c. waiting d. wait
3. “things __never come again!” i couldn’t help talking to myself.
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