学位考试语法复习。
第一部分。i．虚拟句（对将来、目前、过去的事实进行虚拟或相反的假设）
1．规则型（if, wish 引导的虚拟句）
1a: if 引导的虚拟句。
a．对将来进行虚拟： if + should/ were to/ 过去式， would/should + 动词原形。
从句主句）b．对现在进行虚拟： if + 过去式 ， would/should/could + 动词原形
从句主句）c．对过去进行虚拟： if +过去完成时 ， would/should +现在完成时。
从句主句）请注意错综虚拟句： 有时主句、从句时间不一致，真实、虚拟交错，这时我们须从句义上来分析。）
错综时间虚拟条件句（主句与从句时间不一致，真实与虚拟交错）
eg1: he talks as if he __the incident.
eg2: i should h**e taken my sick brother to a hospital, but i __
a. didn’t b. hadn’t c. wasn’t d. shouldn’t
1b: wish 引导的虚拟句
a．对将来/现在进行虚拟：
i wish + 过去式
i wish + would/should + 动词原形（表示抱怨）
b．对过去进行虚拟：
i wish + 过去完成时
2．“should + 动词原形”型。
2a: it is+表示“建议、要求、心理判断”的形容词 +(should)+动词原形
从句）2b: 表示“建议、要求、命令”的动词 + should） +动词原形
从句）2c: 表示“以免/担心”的词组lest, for fear that, in case + should + 动词原形。
从句）完形填空题）there are two other important considerations for today’s engineers. first, they work with management and government officials who are very cost-conscious and demand that engineering systems __not only from a technical, but also from an economic point of view.
a. to work b. are working c. be workable d. are workable
3．“过去式”句型。
3a: it is (high, very, the right, about) time + 动词过去时
从句）3b : would rather + 宾语 + 动词过去时 （对现在/将来虚拟）
从句）would rather + 宾语 + 动词过去完成时 （对过去虚拟）
从句）eg1: it is about time (that) people __notice of what women did during the war. take taken
eg2: i would rather you drove me home after the party.
i would rather she hadn’t told her mother the truth last night.
ii．综合练习题。
1. if she __me last year, she wouldn’t h**e been so miserable.
a. has listened to b. had listened c. had listened to d. listened to
2. had he not done that to the country, the people __towards him.
a. would not h**e hatred b. would not h**e felt hatred
c. had hatredd. h**e hatred
3. had i taken my raincoat when i came out this morning, i __wet now.
a. would not being b. would not be
c. am notd. will not be
4. i wish i __the concert last night.
a. had watchedb. h**e watch
c. would h**e watchedd. would watch
5. it is vital that the business information __
a. keep secret b. kept secret
c. be kept secret d. keeps secret
6. he demanded the office building __before friday.
a. clear outb. cleared out
c. be cleared out d. to be cleared out
7. adults should never say or do anything wrong before children, lest they __them a bad example.
a. should set b. would set c. will set d. are going to set
8. it’s about time the world __notice of what women did during the war.
a. should h**e taken b. took c. take d. had taken
9. i would rather you __me home after the party.
a. drove b. drive c. to drive d. would h**e driven
10. her parents would rather she __them the news last night.
a. didn’t tell b. hadn’t told c. not tell d. told
iii. 非谓语动词复习。
1．“-ing型”的非谓语动词。
2. –ed型的非谓语动词
3. 不定式to do
4. 独立主格结构。
non-finite verbs revisited(非谓语动词复习)
i. –ing型的非谓语动词用法（表示主动含义）
1．做定语（前置和后置）
eg1: this is a __question that needs settling down immediately.
a. pressed b. pressure c. pressing d. presses
eg2: the issue __is mainly concerned about some african affairs.
a. to discuss b. being discussed c discussing d. discusses
2. 做宾语（放在动词或介词之后）
完形填空)eg1: recruiting outside the company means either advertising the vacancy directly or __an employment agency.
a. use b. to use c. used d. using
eg2: we were surprised at __the exam.
a. him not passing b. his passing not c. his no passing d. him not to pass
3. 做主语（注意其否定形式）
eg1: _one’s work properly may be worse than not doing it at all.
a: not to do b. doing not c. doing d. not doing
4. 做状语（常见考题）
eg1: television has become a major instrument of communication, _us to see as well as to hear all kinds of programs.
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