被动语态。
被动语态的构成。
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shallbe＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／arebeing＋taught
过去进行时：h**e／hasbeen＋taught
现在完成时：h**e／hasbeen＋taught
注意：区分被动语态与“be+过去分词”结构。
be+过去分词”并不一定都是被动语态，有时是系表结构。被动语态，动作的对象是主语；当“be+过去分词”表示主语所处的状态时为系表结构，be是连系动词。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。
其区分办法如下：
1,如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态。
theglassisbroken.(系表结构)
theglasswasbrokenbytheboy. (被动语态)
2，如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。
themagazineispublishedinshanghai.。(被动语态)
thedoorislocked. (系表结构)
thedoorhasalready/justbeenlocked. (被动语态)
theshopisopened. (系表结构)
(被动语态)
3，被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。
三、被动语态的用法。
1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.
thisbookwaspublishedin1981.
2强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.
eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法。
1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)，根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。
3把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
allthepeoplelaughedathim.=hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
theymakethebikesinthefactory.=thebikesaremade by them inthefactory.
五、含有情态动词的被动语态。
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.=thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
yououghttotakeitaway.=itoughttobetakenaway.
theyshoulddoitatonce.=itshouldbedoneatonce
一．选择填空。
1. in some countries , tea __with milk and sugar.
a. is serving b. is served c. serves d. served
2. great changes __in my hometown since 1980.
a. h**e been taken placeb. took place
c. h**e taken placed. were taken place
3. the new type of car is going to __in three years.
a. turn outb. be turned out
c. has turned out d. h**e been turned out
4. the woman murdered her friend and __to __
a. was sentenced , deathb. sentencing , die
c. sentenced , deathd. sentenced , die
5. －do you like the skirt ?
－it __soft.
a. is feelingb. felt c. feels d. is felt
6. are you still here ? you were here an hour ago . whofor ?
a. are you waiting b. did you wait
c. were you waiting d. do you wait
7. _to know professor zhang.
a. he saidb. i said c. he is saidd. it says
8. －i want to sit at the table near the window.
－sorryalready.
a. it took b. it takes c. it is taking d. it has been taken
9. the letter __three days ago and it __yesterday.
a. had post , had arrived b. was posted , arrived
c. posted , arrivedd. had been posted , was arrived
10. he told me that the final examination __next thursday.
a. is given b. will be given c. would h**e given d. would be given
三。 correct these sentences. (改正下列句子)
1. this house built 100 years ago.
2. football plays in most countries of the world
3. why did the letter send to the wrong address
4. a garage is a place where cars repair
5. where are you born
6. how many languages are speaking in switzerland
7. somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen
8. when was invented the bicycle
四。 填空(完成被动语态填空)
1. they often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态)
their classroom __often __by them after school.
2. li lei g**e tom a new pen last week. (同上)
a new pentom last week.
3. a lot of people in china can speak english now. (同上)
englishby a lot of people in china now.
4. i h**e learned english for about two years. (同上)
englishfor about two years.
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