中考被动语态讲练。
一、语法点讲解：
一）英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。1.当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，2. 或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
被动语态结构：be + 过去分词(pp) +by …)
在改写中应注意：
1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语；
2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”;
3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。
people attacked the towers.
svothe towers were attacked by some people.
sv1) a car knocked him down yesterday.
he was knocked down by a car yesterday．
2)two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team．
the medical team is made up of by two…．
3)when i got there, they were cutting up a fallen tree．
a fallen tree was being cut up, when i got there.
4)we’ll put on the play next sunday．
the play will be put on next sunday．
5)workers are building a new teaching building in our school．
a new teaching building is being built by workers in our school．
6)they had completed the railway by the end of last year．
the railway had been completed by the end of last year．
7)we should protect the earth．
the earth should be protected．
8)you need to paint the wall．
the wall needs to be painted．
二）几种特殊结构。
uncle g**e me a gift on my birthday．
i was given a gift on my birthday．
a gift was given to me on my birthday.
often hear him play guitar．
he is often heard to play guitar
注意：see,watch,hear,notice,feel,make, listen to, look at等动词/短语后作宾语补语的不定式都不带to；但改成被动语态后必须带to。
we should take care of the old people .
the old people should be taken care of.
三）主动式表被动义。
1。动词 (表示主语的属性特征) +副词 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),用主动式表被动义。
read,write,sell,wash,clean,wear,lock, open,cook,shut,dry,eat,drink,…
books __well．
a. were sold b. sell c. h**e sold d. are being sold
kind of cloth __easily．
a. has washed b. was washed c. washes d. is washed
2.不定式在某些形容词后作状语，且和句子的主语(或宾语)构成动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。
difficult,easy,hard,fit,pleasant,good, comfortable,light,he**y,safe,…
fish is not fit _to eat_(eat)．
2. we find english is hard _to learn_ (learn)．
article is difficult__to understand_ (understand).
3.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又和该句主语(或宾语)构成主谓关系时，用主动式表被动义。
h**e a lot of homework __do)．
give him some books __read)．
4表示状态特征的连系动词+adj./n.,用主动式表被动义。
look,sound,feel,smell,taste, prove, appear,make,..
the steel feels cold．
5 表示“开始、结束、运动”的动词用主动式表被动义。
begin,open,start,stop,end,finish,shut, move,run,..
the shop opens at 6 am. every day．
6. 作“需要”讲的want/need/require后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。
your jacket needs washing/ to be washed
二、练习巩固：
exercise:
are made __*****. ***** is made __wood.
b. of/from c. of/in d. in/from
lot of new roads __built in the west of china.
a. must b. must be c. hasd. h**e
dictionary mustn’t __from the library.
away b. taken away c. are taken away d. be taken away
shoes __i went out for a new pair.
worn out b. wore out c. were worn off d. were worn out
car __tomorrow.
be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired
your homework __we will go to play football.
done b. are done c. had done d. will be done
asked me __
the ***** is used b. what the ***** was used for
c. what was the ***** made of d. what’s the ***** used as
fourths of the information on the internet __in english.
b. is c. are d. be
is widely used. many business letters around the world __in it.
written b. were written c. are writing d. were writing
pair of scissors __in china.
b. made c. is made d. are made
quarters of the messages __by telegraph.
a. was sent b. were sent c. sent d. send
the past 10 years, china __up many man-made satellites.
been sent b. has sent c. was sentd. sent
___to help the farmers with the harvest last autumn.
a. asked b. asking c. to ask d. were asked
are always kept __
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