1. 被动语态的用法。
英文中的被动语态由动词'to be'的相应时态 +动词的过去分词构成：
例如： to clean
注意： 'to be born' 通常用过去时态表示被动：
i was born in 1976. when were you born?
but: around 100 babies are born in this hospital every week.
不定式形式： 'to be'的相应时态 +过去分词： (to) be cleaned
这种形式通常用于情态动词后面，别的动词通常跟着不定式，例如。
you h**e to be tested on your english grammar
john might be promoted next year.
she wants to be invited to the party.
动名词形式： being +过去分词： being cleaned
例如：a. most film stars hate being interviewed.
b. i remember being taught to drive.
c. the children are excited about being taken to the zoo.
注意： 有的时候被动语态用“get”而不是“ to be”:
a. he got arrested for dangerous driving.
b. they're getting married later this year.
c. i'm not sure how the window got broken.
2. 语态的转换---2.1 let 的用法。
1）当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。例如：
they let the strange go.他们放陌生人走了。
-->the strange was let go.
2）当 let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用 allow或permit 代替。例如：
the nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那**让我去探望住院的同学。
---i was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
2.2 短语动词的被动语态。
短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。例如：
my sister will be taken care of by grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顾。
such a thing has never been heard of before. 这样的事闻所未闻。
3. 不用被动语态的情况。
1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有被动语态。例如：
after the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
（错） the price has been risen.
（对） the price has risen.
（错） the accident was happened last week.
（对） the accident happened last week.
（错） the price has raised.
（对） the price has been raised.
（错） please seat.
（对） please be seated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, h**e, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
this key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：it sounds good.
听上去不错。
4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。例如：
she dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
5） 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。例如：
（对） she likes to swim.
（错） to swim is liked by her.
4. 主动形式表示被动意义。
1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
the book sells well. 这本书销路好。
this knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。
2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
i was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。
much work remains. 还有许多活要干。
3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。例如：
the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
this book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
4） 特殊结构：make sb. heard / understood （使别人能听见/理解自己）等。例如：
explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解释清楚些，让别人理解你的话。
5. 被动形式表示主动意义。
被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：
he is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
he married a rich girl. 他与一个富妞结婚了。
he got married to a rich girl.
6. 常用经典被动句型表示。
表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组。
基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
it is said that… 据说 it is reported that… 据报道。
it is believed that… 大家相信 it is hoped that… 大家希望。
it is well known that… 众所周知 it is thought that… 大家认为。
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