一、非谓语动词。
概念图：框架：
一）分词用法。
语境导入】survivors of the titanic泰坦尼克号的幸存者。
the story about titanic is heartbreaking. only about 700 people survived the disaster, living to tell their stories to news*****s.
philip zanni was tr**eling to the us in the third class. sleeping in the ship, he heard a loud crash. he immediately ran to the upper deck and saw men lowering lifeboats.
he tried to jump into one of them. but an officer holding a gun stopped him, shouting, “women and children first.” moments later, the officer turned away and zanni jumped on.
hidden under one of the seats on the boat, he was carried away.
there were twenty women and three men in the boat. they rowed quickly, with people crying for help in water. when they were about two miles away, they saw the titanic sink.
it wasn’t until five in the morning that they saw a rescue ship arrive. while the survivors were being raised to the rescue ship, a woman begged zanni to s**e her dog. h**ing stayed with the dog for a long time, she couldn’t stand le**ing it alone.
mary d**is, a second-class passenger, was tr**eling to visit her sister in london. when/while sleeping on the ship, she heard the noise. h**ing been told that there was no danger, she returned to bed.
a few minutes later, she was told to go to the highest deck because the ship was sinking. two men helped her get on a lifeboat, and she was lowered onto water in it, her body trembling. in the morning, the rescue ship found them standing on the boat and s**ed them.
when ms d**is died in 1987 at the age of 104, she had lived to be older than any other titanic survivor.
知识锦囊】概念**读一：
i.分词作定语。
教材例句]1. more than 1 billion people in developing countries do not think safe water.发展中国家超过10亿的人喝不上安全水。
[人教新课标必修3，u2]
2. if you see soldiers wearing (=who wear) sky-blue helmets, they are united nations peacekeepers.如果你看到戴着天蓝色头盔的士兵，他们就是联合国的维和人员。
[外研选修6，m6]
3. english is now an international language, spoken (=which is spoken) by about 750 million people.英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.
5亿人说英语。[外研选修8，m4]
4. ***** cuts used (=which are used) for religious purposes are often found in temples.用于宗教目的的剪纸常常在寺庙里可以见到。
[北师必修2，m6]
ii.分词作表语。
教材例句]1. although the cities were crowded, the countryside was beautiful.城市很拥挤，乡村却很美丽。
（外研必修3，m7）
really amusing and tells jokes when he thinks we’re getting bored.他的确很风趣，而且当他认为我们感到厌烦时，就会给我们讲笑话。（外研必修1，m2）
iii.分词作宾语补足语。
教材例句]1. when i came in, i found a strange girl seated in the corner.我进来时，发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
（人教新课标选修7，u5）
2. i heard a huge noise coming from the bay.我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。（人教新课标选修7，u3）
iv.分词作状语。
教材例句]1. arriving home, he showed me into a large bright clean room.到家后，他把我领进了一个宽敞、明亮、洁净的房间。
（人教新课标必修5，u3）（—分词作时间状语）
2. h**ing experienced quite a few earthquake in hawai already, i didn’t take much notice.我在夏威夷经历过好几次**，因此没有太在意。
（人教新课标选修6，u5）（—分词作原因状语）
3. nature has provided shangri-la with endless natural treasures, ****** the land a happy home for the local people.大自然为香格里拉提供了无数的自然宝藏，使得这片土地成为当地人民的幸福家园。
（译林必修2，u2）（—分词作结果状语）
4. written in 1932 by an englishman called aldous huxley, it became a subject of much discussion as soon as it first appeared.这本书是在2023年由一个叫奥尔德斯。
赫胥黎的英国人写的，一问世就成了人们争相议论的话题。（外研选修6，m4）（—分词作时间状语）
5. frightened by the noise outside, the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.由于受到外面噪音的惊吓，小女孩不敢在卧室里睡觉了。
（人教新课标必修5，u3）（—分词作原因状语）
v. 独立主格结构。
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