时态。时态的综合问题。
在说或写一句话时，通常要选择一个中心时态，这个中心时态影响其它时态 ，即时态要前后一致。
以“现在”为中心：若开始叙述或描述着眼于“现在”，则常以“现在”为起点，从而会出现一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时或一般将来时连用的情况。
our postman usually delivers our arrival at 7 every morning. it (be) nearly lunchtime and the mail still (not arrive). i (suppose) the mail (come) soon.
perhaps hebe) ill.
is, hasn’t arrived, suppose, will come, is)
以“过去”为中心：若着眼于“过去”，则常以“过去某时”为基点，从而出现一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时连用的情况。
we lived in the street. they (build) houses all around us then. we (be) there for 10 years and (imagine) we (stay) there for the rest of our liveswere building, had been, imagined, would stay)
一般现在时。
1、所有或任何时候都发生的动作或情况，即重**生的动作。
-- how often does she visit her parentstwice a month.
2、永恒的真理 summer follows spring.
3、①在条件或时间状语从句中 i’ll let you know as soon as he gets there.
②讨论计划和时间表或日程表时。
we le**e at 11:15 and arrive at 17:50 tomorrow.
4、固定词组如 i see（明白）、i hear（听说）、i think（认为、想）、i feel（感觉）以引出已经了解的情况。
i see there’s some trouble in london.
现在进行时。
1、说话时正进行的动作或情况。
someone’s knocking at the door. can you answer it?
2、发展中的或正在改变的情况。
the weather is getting better and better.
3、任何时候都可能在进行中的事情。
i don’t like to be disturbed if i’m working.
you look lovely when you’re smiling.
4、表示将来。
①可用下列词：go, come, arrive, le**e, start
he’s arriving tomorrow morning.
②通过一个表示将来的的时间状语。
what are you doing this evening?
5、现在进行时与一般现在时的对比。
现在进行时用来谈论暂时的情况，一般现在时用来表示永久的情况，或经常发生的事情或习惯。
he’s not working very hard at the moment.（目前工作不努力）
he doesn’t work very hard. （通常工作不努力）
讲故事、评论事、解说体育运动等用一般现在时来叙述故事中一件又一件的事。
harrison shoots, but the ball hits the post and jackson clear.
哈里森射门，但是球碰倒柱子上，接着杰克逊解了围）
一般将来时。
1、用will, shall 表示。
决定：谈及正在作出的一项决定时，常用i’ll---i will，不能用be going to ,因为它表示事先就已经作出的决定
--the phone’s ringing. -i’ll answer it.
---come to a party. -ok. i’ll bring my friend.
威胁和允诺：第一人称用will (‘ll)；第二人称用shall
i’ll hit you if you do that again. he shall h**e a gift for christmas.
提议和请求：用shall i …?shall we…?表示提议；
用will you…?表示请求。
shall i carry your bag? will you give me a hand?
i will/ we will 表示有强烈意图、提议、坚持或自愿做某事； 不能用shall
i will stop smoking---i really will.
2、用 be going to 表示。
①已经决定要做的事情。
we’re going to france next summer.
②现在肯定讲会发生的事情。
look at those clouds---it’s going to rain.
③强烈的决心。
i’m going to keep asking her out until she says yes.
3、用be about to do sth 表示最近的将来，“正要”，“马上就要”
i am about to le**e when there is a knock at the door.
4、用be to do sth表示预定要做的事情。
the french president is to visit japan next week
5、be going to 与 will / shall 的对比。
①都可以表示预言。
do you think the car will start / is going to start?
②讲到条件时（即如果一事发生，另一事也就发生），用will / shall 对将来进行**，不用be going to ，即使条件没有说出来。
if i give you money you’ll only spend it on drink.
---come out for a drink. -nomy tv program.
a. i’m going to miss b. i’ll miss
6、一般现在时及现在进行时表示将来的情况（见前面）
现在完成时。
1、开始于过去并将持续到现在的动作常与下列词连用for…, since…,recently,lately, so far,
all this year, up till now, planted 14 trees so far this morning.
---how are you today? -oh, i as ill as i do now for a long time.
a. didn’t feel b. don’t feel c. wasn’t feeling d. h**en’t felt
2、在过去某个不确定的时间发生的动作，但与现在有某种联系，因为我们所关心的是“现在”还存在着“过去”发生某事的结果，常和下列词连用：ever（问句或肯定句)，already(肯定句), never(否定句),yet(问句或否定句),before
my glasses? -yes, i saw them on your bed a minute ago. a.
do you see b. had you seen c. would you see d.
h**e you seen
eg. 1)--h**e you passed your test ? yes.
when did you pass it? -i passed it) last week.
2) —h**e you passed your test? -not yet.
when will you pass it? -next week.
对比：h**e you seen this film? （曾经经过）
did you see this film ? 某特定时间）
3、可表示反复性或习惯性，常与often, three times 等词连用
i’ve watched him on tv several times.
4、终止性动词可用完成时，但不能和for, how long 等时间词连用，常用替换词。
this film has begun how long has this film been on?
begin/ borrow/ come /die /join /buy/ le**e
be on /keep/ be here /be dead / be in /h**e /be away
5、其它和现在完成时连用的词： just, in (within) the past (last) +时间段；
对比 he has just fallen downstairs. he fell downstairs just now.
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